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Cited by 891

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neural NILM: Deep Neural Networks Applied to Energy Disaggregation

Open access
Kelly, Jack, Knottenbelt, William·2015·Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments

Abstract

Energy disaggregation estimates appliance-by-appliance electricity consumption from a single meter that measures the whole home's electricity demand. Recently, deep neural networks have driven remarkable improvements in classification performance in neighbouring machine learning fields such as image classification and automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we adapt three deep neural network architectures to energy disaggregation: 1) a form of recurrent neural network called `long short-term memory' (LSTM); 2) denoising autoencoders; and 3) a network which regresses the start time, end time and average power demand of each appliance activation. We use seven metrics to test the performance of these algorithms on real aggregate power data from five appliances. Tests are performed against a house not seen during training and against houses seen during training. We find that all three neural nets achieve better F1 scores (averaged over all five appliances) than either combinatorial optimisation or factorial hidden Markov models and that our neural net algorithms generalise well to an unseen house.

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Metadata

Authors
Kelly, J., & Knottenbelt, W.
Venue
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments
Publisher
ACM
Published
2015-11-04
Pages
55-64
OpenAlex
W1479651931
Cited by
891
References
28
FWCI
43.88
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Neural NILM: Deep Neural Networks Applied to Energy Disaggregation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/2821650.2821672
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Kelly, J., & Knottenbelt, W. (2015). Neural NILM: Deep Neural Networks Applied to Energy Disaggregation. Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments. https://doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821672

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