The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Random sampling with a reservoir
Open accessAbstract
We introduce fast algorithms for selecting a random sample of n records without replacement from a pool of N records, where the value of N is unknown beforehand. The main result of the paper is the design and analysis of Algorithm Z; it does the sampling in one pass using constant space and in O ( n (1 + log( N/n ))) expected time, which is optimum, up to a constant factor. Several optimizations are studied that collectively improve the speed of the naive version of the algorithm by an order of magnitude. We give an efficient Pascal-like implementation that incorporates these modifications and that is suitable for general use. Theoretical and empirical results indicate that Algorithm Z outperforms current methods by a significant margin.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An introduction to probability theory and its applications
(1958) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(58)90688-4 · Cited by 29,269
The Art of Computer Programming
Knuth, D. E. (1968) · Cited by 16,000
Proceedings. 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
(2004) · 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science · doi:10.1109/focs.2004.4 · Cited by 805
Faster methods for random sampling
Vitter, J. S. (1984) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/358105.893 · Cited by 124
Self-citation
Cited by
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-19715-5 · Cited by 25,437
The WEKA data mining software: an update
Hall, M., Frank, E., Holmes, G., Pfahringer, B., Reutemann, P., & Witten, I. H. (2009) · ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter · doi:10.1145/1656274.1656278 · Cited by 17,750
A survey on concept drift adaptation
Gama, J., Žliobaitė, I., Bifet, A., Pechenizkiy, M., & Bouchachia, A. (2014) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/2523813 · Cited by 3,735
Practical Black-Box Attacks against Machine Learning
Papernot, N., McDaniel, P., Goodfellow, I., Jha, S., Celik, Z. B., & Swami, A. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/3052973.3053009 · Cited by 3,495
CURE: an efficient clustering algorithm for large databases
Guha, S., Rastogi, R., & Shim, K. (1998) · Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data · doi:10.1145/276304.276312 · Cited by 1,907
Metadata
- Authors
- Vitter, J. S.
- Venue
- ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
- Published
- 1985-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-57
- ISSN
- 0098-3500 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7295
- OpenAlex
- W2119885577
- Cited by
- 1,758
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Random sampling with a reservoir. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/3147.3165
- The paper
- Vitter, J. S. (1985). Random sampling with a reservoir. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software. https://doi.org/10.1145/3147.3165
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.