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Cited by 1,758

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Random sampling with a reservoir

Open access
Vitter, Jeffrey S.·1985·ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software

Abstract

We introduce fast algorithms for selecting a random sample of n records without replacement from a pool of N records, where the value of N is unknown beforehand. The main result of the paper is the design and analysis of Algorithm Z; it does the sampling in one pass using constant space and in O ( n (1 + log( N/n ))) expected time, which is optimum, up to a constant factor. Several optimizations are studied that collectively improve the speed of the naive version of the algorithm by an order of magnitude. We give an efficient Pascal-like implementation that incorporates these modifications and that is suitable for general use. Theoretical and empirical results indicate that Algorithm Z outperforms current methods by a significant margin.

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Metadata

Authors
Vitter, J. S.
Venue
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
Published
1985-03
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
37-57
ISSN
  • 0098-3500 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7295
OpenAlex
W2119885577
Cited by
1,758
References
4
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Random sampling with a reservoir. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/3147.3165
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Vitter, J. S. (1985). Random sampling with a reservoir. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software. https://doi.org/10.1145/3147.3165

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.