The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cache Me If You Can: Effects of DNS Time-to-Live
Abstract
DNS depends on extensive caching for good performance, and every DNS zone owner must set Time-to-Live (TTL) values to control their DNS caching. Today there is relatively little guidance backed by research about how to set TTLs, and operators must balance conflicting demands of caching against agility of configuration. Exactly how TTL value choices affect operational networks is quite challenging to understand due to interactions across the distributed DNS service, where resolvers receive TTLs in different ways (answers and hints), TTLs are specified in multiple places (zones and their parent's glue), and while DNS resolution must be security-aware. This paper provides the first careful evaluation of how these multiple, interacting factors affect the effective cache lifetimes of DNS records, and provides recommendations for how to configure DNS TTLs based on our findings. We provide recommendations in TTL choice for different situations, and for where they must be configured. We show that longer TTLs have significant promise in reducing latency, reducing it from 183 ms to 28.7 ms for one country-code TLD.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, Continnum is the first system to use TTL to regulate LLM KV cache as a function of predicted toolcall durations, scheduling-side delay propagation, and workload pattern.”
From Continuum: Efficient and Robust Multi-Turn LLM Agent Scheduling with KV Cache Time-to-Live (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Serving Stale Data to Improve DNS Resiliency
Lawrence, D., Kumari, W., & Sood, P. (2020) · doi:10.17487/rfc8767 · Cited by 12
Research works printed but not linked: 41
- J. Abley and K. Lindqvist. 2006. Operation of Anycast Services. RFC 4786. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4786.txt J. Abley and K. Lindqvist. 2006. Operation of Anycast Services. RFC 4786. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4786.txt · DOI
- 10.1145/1879141.1879144 · DOI
- Alexa. 2019 . Alexa: Keyword Research, Competitive Analysis & Website Ranking. https://www.alexa.com/ Alexa. 2019. Alexa: Keyword Research, Competitive Analysis & Website Ranking. https://www.alexa.com/
- 10.1145/3143361.3143375 · DOI
- R. Arends R. Austein M. Larson D. Massey and S. Rose. 2005. Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions. RFC 4035. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4035.txt R. Arends R. Austein M. Larson D. Massey and S. Rose. 2005. Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions. RFC 4035. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4035.txt · DOI
- R. Arends R. Austein M. Larson D. Massey and S. Rose. 2005. Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions. RFC 4034. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4034.txt R. Arends R. Austein M. Larson D. Massey and S. Rose. 2005. Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions. RFC 4034. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4034.txt · DOI
- 10.23919/INM.2017.7987262 · DOI
- 10.1145/2805789.2805796 · DOI
- 10.1145/2815675.2815717 · DOI
- 10.1145/2500098.2500100 · DOI
- 10.1145/2785956.2787500 · DOI
- 10.1145/144179.144301 · DOI
- R. Elz and R. Bush. 1997. Clarifications to the DNS Specification. RFC 2181. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2181.txt R. Elz and R. Bush. 1997. Clarifications to the DNS Specification. RFC 2181. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2181.txt · DOI
- Marina Fomenkov , k. c. claffy, Bradley Huffaker , and David Moore . 2001 . Macroscopic Internet Topology and Performance Measurements From the DNS Root Name Servers . In Proceedings of the USENIX Large Installation Systems Administration Conference. USENIX , San Diego, CA, USA, 221--230. http://www.caida.org/publications/papers/ 2001/Rssac2001a/rssac_lisa.pdf Marina Fomenkov, k. c. claffy, Bradley Huffaker, and David Moore. 2001. Macroscopic Internet Topology and Performance Measurements From the DNS Root Name Servers. In Proceedings of the USENIX Large Installation Systems Administration Conference. USENIX, San Diego, CA, USA, 221--230. http://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2001/Rssac2001a/rssac_lisa.pdf
- 10.1145/3041027.3041032 · DOI
- Wes Hardaker . 2018 . Analyzing and Mitigating Privacy with the DNS Root Service . In Proceedings of the ISOC NDSS Workshop on DNS Privacy. The Internet Society , San Diego, California, USA. Wes Hardaker. 2018. Analyzing and Mitigating Privacy with the DNS Root Service. In Proceedings of the ISOC NDSS Workshop on DNS Privacy. The Internet Society, San Diego, California, USA.
- P. Hoffman A. Sullivan and K. Fujiwara. 2018. DNS Terminology. RFC 8499. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8499.txt P. Hoffman A. Sullivan and K. Fujiwara. 2018. DNS Terminology. RFC 8499. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8499.txt · DOI
- S. Hollenbeck. 2009. Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP). RFC 5730. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5730.txt S. Hollenbeck. 2009. Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP). RFC 5730. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5730.txt · DOI
- S. Hollenbeck. 2009. Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) Domain Name Mapping. RFC 5731. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5731.txt S. Hollenbeck. 2009. Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) Domain Name Mapping. RFC 5731. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5731.txt · DOI
- ISC BIND. 2018. Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference. https://ftp.isc.org/www/bind/arm95/Bv9ARM.ch06.html. ISC BIND. 2018. Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference. https://ftp.isc.org/www/bind/arm95/Bv9ARM.ch06.html.
- 10.1109/INFCOM.2003.1208693 · DOI · Paper page
- Jaeyeon Jung , E. Sit , H. Balakrishnan , and R. Morris . 2002 . DNS performance and the effectiveness of caching . IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 10 , 5 (Oct 2002), 589--603. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2002.803905 10.1109/TNET.2002.803905 Jaeyeon Jung, E. Sit, H. Balakrishnan, and R. Morris. 2002. DNS performance and the effectiveness of caching. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 10, 5 (Oct 2002), 589--603. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2002.803905 · DOI · Paper page
- W. Kumari and P. Hoffman. 2015. Decreasing Access Time to Root Servers by Running One on Loopback. RFC 7706. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7706.txt W. Kumari and P. Hoffman. 2015. Decreasing Access Time to Root Servers by Running One on Loopback. RFC 7706. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7706.txt · DOI
- Ziqian Liu , Bradley Huffaker , Marina Fomenkov , Nevil Brownlee , and kc claffy. 2007. Two Days in the Life of the DNS Anycast Root Servers . In Proceedings of the Passive and Active Measurement Workshop. Springer-Verlag , Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium, 125--134. https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/ 2007 /dns_anycast/dns_anycast.pdf Ziqian Liu, Bradley Huffaker, Marina Fomenkov, Nevil Brownlee, and kc claffy. 2007. Two Days in the Life of the DNS Anycast Root Servers. In Proceedings of the Passive and Active Measurement Workshop. Springer-Verlag, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium, 125--134. https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2007/dns_anycast/dns_anycast.pdf
- P.V. Mockapetris. 1987. Domain names - concepts and facilities. RFC 1034. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt P.V. Mockapetris. 1987. Domain names - concepts and facilities. RFC 1034. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt · DOI
- P.V. Mockapetris. 1987. Domain names - implementation and specification. RFC 1035. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt P.V. Mockapetris. 1987. Domain names - implementation and specification. RFC 1035. IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt · DOI
- 10.1145/2987443.2987446 · DOI
- 10.1145/3278532.3278534 · DOI
- 10.1145/3131365.3131366 · DOI
- Open DNS. 2019 . Setup Guide: OpenDNS. https://www.opendns.com/setupguide/.https://www.opendns.com/setupguide OpenDNS. 2019. Setup Guide: OpenDNS. https://www.opendns.com/setupguide/.https://www.opendns.com/setupguide
- 10.1109/DSN.2007.42 · DOI
- RIPE NCC Staff . 2015 . RIPE Atlas: A Global Internet Measurement Network . Internet Protocol Journal (IPJ) 18 , 3 (Sep 2015), 2--26. RIPE NCC Staff. 2015. RIPE Atlas: A Global Internet Measurement Network. Internet Protocol Journal (IPJ) 18, 3 (Sep 2015), 2--26.
- 10.1145/3278532.3278574 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-54328-4_14 · DOI
- 10.1145/2504730.2504734 · DOI
- Steve Souders . 2008 . High-Performance Web Sites. Commun. ACM 51 , 12 (Dec. 2008), 36--41. https://doi.org/10.1145/1409360.1409374 10.1145/1409360.1409374 Steve Souders. 2008. High-Performance Web Sites. Commun. ACM 51, 12 (Dec. 2008), 36--41. https://doi.org/10.1145/1409360.1409374 · DOI
- 10.14722/ndss.2015.23053 · DOI
- 10.23919/TMA.2017.8002905 · DOI
- Maarten Wullink . 2016 . ENTRADA: The Impact of a TTL Change at the TLD Level. DNS-OARC. https://indico.dns-oarc.net/event/22/contributions/314/ Maarten Wullink. 2016. ENTRADA: The Impact of a TTL Change at the TLD Level. DNS-OARC. https://indico.dns-oarc.net/event/22/contributions/314/
- 10.23919/TMA.2018.8506521 · DOI
- 10.1109/NOMS.2016.7502925 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Continuum: Efficient and Robust Multi-Turn LLM Agent Scheduling with KV Cache Time-to-Live
Li, H., He, R., Mang, Q., Zhang, Q., Mao, H., Chen, X., Zhou, H., Zhang, H., Cheung, A., Gonzalez, J., et al. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.02230
“…in Computer Systems: Time-to-live (TTL) is a longstanding abstraction in computer systems de-sign, widely used in DNS resolvers, distributed caches, CDN edge nodes, and consistency protocols to bound staleness and prevent unbounded resource retention [11, 15, 21, 22, 25, 27, 32, 42, 43, 58].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Moura, G. C. M., Heidemann, J., Schmidt, R. D. O., & Hardaker, W.
- Affiliations
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (BR)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2019-10-21
- Pages
- 101-115
- OpenAlex
- W2980904829
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- DHS S&T/CSD (r HSHQDC-17-R-B0004-TTA.02-0006-I,)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Traffic and Congestion Control
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Caching and Content Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Software System Performance and Reliability
- Keywords
- DNS caching, time-to-live, DNS resolvers, DNS security, country code top-level domains
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cache Me If You Can: Effects of DNS Time-to-Live. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/3355369.3355568
- The paper
- Moura, G. C. M., Heidemann, J., Schmidt, R. D. O., & Hardaker, W. (2019). Cache Me If You Can: Effects of DNS Time-to-Live. Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference. https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355568
