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Learning to Break Deep Perceptual Hashing: The Use Case NeuralHash
Open accessAbstract
Apple recently revealed its deep perceptual hashing system NeuralHash to detect child sexual abuse material (CSAM) on user devices before files are uploaded to its iCloud service. Public criticism quickly arose regarding the protection of user privacy and the system’s reliability. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive empirical analysis of deep perceptual hashing based on NeuralHash. Specifically, we show that current deep perceptual hashing may not be robust. An adversary can manipulate the hash values by applying slight changes in images, either induced by gradient-based approaches or simply by performing standard image transformations, forcing or preventing hash collisions. Such attacks permit malicious actors easily to exploit the detection system: from hiding abusive material to framing innocent users, everything is possible. Moreover, using the hash values, inferences can still be made about the data stored on user devices. In our view, based on our results, deep perceptual hashing in its current form is generally not ready for robust client-side scanning and should not be used from a privacy perspective.1
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“Surprisingly, the newest edition of NeuralHash that we experimented with was still not robust to filtering, rotating, and mirroring, similar to the first edition experimented in [11][16].”
From Robustness of Practical Perceptual Hashing Algorithms to Hash-Evasion and Hash-Inversion Attacks (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
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“- PhotoDNA is not robust to: filtering, rotating, resizing, mirroring, bordering, cropping;”
From Robustness of Practical Perceptual Hashing Algorithms to Hash-Evasion and Hash-Inversion Attacks (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Surprisingly, the newest edition of NeuralHash that we experimented with was still not robust to filtering, rotating, and mirroring, similar to the first edition experimented in [11][16].”
InfluentialGreef, S. (2023) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783839470657-094
IV.2.2 Modell der Staatlichkeit: Interventionsstaat
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-053
IV.2.1 Modell des Staates: Leistungsstaat
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-052
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-054
IV.1.2 Modelle der Staatlichkeit in der Steuerungsdimension
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-050
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-051
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-055
IV.3.2 Modell der Staatlichkeit: Kooperativer Staat
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-057
IV.3.1 Modell des Staates: Gewährleistungsstaat
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-056
V.3.7 Politics III: Governance of Algorithms – Regulierung von Algorithmen
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-082
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-083
V.3.6 Policy III: Digital Services Act (DSA)
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-081
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-084
I.3.2 Methodik und Fallauswahl
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-012
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-013
I.2.3 Kontingenz von Steuerung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-009
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-008
I.3.1 Fragestellung und forschungsleitende Hypothesen
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-011
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-014
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-015
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-010
V.1.3 Policy: Digitale Gesundheitsinfrastruktur und Versorgungsangebote
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-068
III.2.6 Selbst- und Ko-Regulierung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-045
II.2.9 Von den transformativen Herausforderungen zur Steuerung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-027
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-toc
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-007
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-043
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-089
III.2.7 Information und Überzeugung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-046
II.3.2 Polity I: Steuerungssubjekt – Institutionen, Behörden und Zuständigkeiten
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-030
VI.1.2 Veränderte Steuerungsformen?
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-086
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-002
V.3.2 Polity: Akteure und Akteurskonstellationen
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-077
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-004
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-034
VI.1.1 Neue digitale Steuerungsinstrumente?
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-085
IV.1.1 Modelle des Staates in der Leistungsdimension
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-049
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-097
III.1.3 Netzwerk: Horizontale Steuerung (Governance)
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-037
II.2.8 Komplexität, Wicked Problems, Ambiguität und Kontingenz
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-026
V.1.2 Politics I: Steuerungsparadigma im Wandel
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-067
II.2.3 Fake News und Desinformation
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-021
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-042
V.2.3 Politics I: Bündnisse und Dialogorientierung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-073
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-040
II.2.7 Entgrenzung und Schrumpfung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-025
I.1.2 Transformation von Staatlichkeit und Staat im Wandel
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-005
VI.1.3 Das neue Staatsbild des kontingenten Patchworkstaates
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-087
III.1.4 Korporatismus: Selbstorganisation (Ko-Regulierung)
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-038
II.3.4 Politics: Moderation und Verhandlung mit unklaren Kompetenzen
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-032
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-039
II.2.5 Datafizierung, Algorithmizität und Künstliche Intelligenz
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-023
V.2.1 Policy: Industrie 4.0 – 4. Industrielle Revolution, oder: Das neue Maschinenzeitalter
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-071
V.3.1 Policy I: Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz (NetzDG)
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-076
V.3.5 Politics II: Privatisierung der Rechtsetzung
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-080
IV.3.4 Der Wandel der Modelle vom Modernen Staat I zu II
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-059
III.1.2 Markt: Selbststeuerung (Regulierung)
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-036
II.3.1 Policy: Die vier Dimensionen der Digitalpolitik
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-029
V.1.4 Politics II: Neue digitale Steuerungsinstrumente in der Coronakrise?
Greef, S. (2023) · Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft · doi:10.14361/9783839470657-069
Metadata
- Authors
- Struppek, L., Hintersdorf, D., Neider, D., & Kersting, K.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Darmstadt (DE)
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (DE)
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany and Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence, Germany
- Venue
- 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2022-06-20
- Pages
- 58-69
- OpenAlex
- W3214430180
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 12.78
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) (publishedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (13N15343)
- National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Digital Media Forensic Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Keywords
- hash collision attacks, adversarial attacks, privacy, iCloud, image editing, hash robustness
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