Extending a Human-AI Collaboration Framework with Dynamism and Sociality
Abstract
We propose an integrated framework of Collaborating Humans and AIs (CHA) for the design, analysis, and critique of human-AI applications in current and future workplaces. Through four use cases, we explore different configurations of humans working with intelligent systems, informed by a 70-year history of frameworks of human-machine interaction. We make two primary contributions: (1) In contrast to prior analyses of mixed-initiative human-AI systems, we demonstrate that complex organizational applications involve dynamic shifts and exchanges of human and machine initiative. (2) We extend the analyses to include multi-user configurations, in which we can examine the sometimes-invisible human roles behind those structures, interrogate power relationships, and uncover mismatches between the desired and available levels of human and AI initiative.
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Cites
A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation
Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T. B., & Wickens, C. D. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans · doi:10.1109/3468.844354 · Cited by 4,195 · cited 5× · see citing works
“After another quarter of a century, Parasuraman, Sheridan, and Wickens [73] updated the Sheridan and Verplank trade-off function in their description of a design dimension that ran between complete human autonomy and complete computer autonomy (Figure 2).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA survey of human-in-the-loop for machine learning
Wu, X., Xiao, L., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, T., & He, L. (2022) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2022.05.014 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Makarius, E. E., Mukherjee, D., Fox, J. D., & Fox, A. K. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.07.045 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Accountability of AI Under the Law: The Role of Explanation
Doshi-Velez, F., Kortz, M., Budish, R., Bavitz, C., Gershman, S. J., O'Brien, D., Scott, K., Shieber, S., Waldo, J., Weinberger, D., et al. (2017) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3064761 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
AI-Assisted Human Labeling: Batching for Efficiency without Overreliance
Ashktorab, Z., Desmond, M., Andres, J., Muller, M., Joshi, N. N., Brachman, M., Sharma, A., Brimijoin, K., Pan, Q., Wolf, C. T., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3449163 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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Lee, H.-P. (., Sarkar, A., Tankelevitch, L., Drosos, I., Rintel, S., Banks, R., & Wilson, N. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713778 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
“Previous frameworks have categorised human-AI collaborations by how often the user or the AI initiates an action [95], and which entity takes on a “supervisory” role [88].”
What is Human-Centered about Human-Centered AI? A Map of the Research Landscape
Capel, T., & Brereton, M. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580959 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Sarkar, A. (2024) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3649404 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Co-Writing with AI, on Human Terms: Aligning Research with User Demands Across the Writing Process
Reza, M., Thomas-Mitchell, J., Dushniku, P., Laundry, N., Williams, J. J., & Kuzminykh, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757566 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“For instance, studies on suggestions do not allow participants to disable AI assistance entirely.”
- Authors
- Muller, M., & Weisz, J.
- Affiliations
- IBM (United States) (US)
- Venue
- 2022 Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2022-06-08
- Pages
- 1-12
- OpenAlex
- W4281783087
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 21.77
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work (CHIWORK) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Keywords
- human-AI collaboration, mixed-initiative systems, human-machine interaction, multi-user collaboration, power relations, human roles, organizational applications
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