On the use and performance of content distribution networks
Abstract
Content distribution networks (CDNs) are a mechanism to deliver content to end users on behalf of origin Web sites. Content distribution offloads work from origin servers by serving some or all of the contents of Web pages. We found an order of magnitude increase in the number and percentage of popular origin sites using CDNs between November 1999 and December 2000.In this paper we discuss how CDNs are commonly used on the Web and define a methodology to study how well they perform. A performance study was conducted over a period of months on a set of CDN companies employing the techniques of DNS redirection and URL rewriting to balance load among their servers. Some CDNs generally provide better results than others when we examine results from a set of clients. The performance of one CDN company clearly improved between the two testing periods in our study due to a dramatic increase in the number of distinct servers employed in its network. More generally, the results indicate that use of a DNS lookup in the critical path of a resource retrieval does not generally result in better server choices being made relative to client response time in either average or worst case situations.
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Continnum is the first system to use TTL to regulate LLM KV cache as a function of predicted tool-call durations, scheduling-side delay propagation, and workload pattern.
“To our knowledge, Continnum is the first system to use TTL to regulate LLM KV cache as a function of predicted toolcall durations, scheduling-side delay propagation, and workload pattern.”
From Continuum: Efficient and Robust Multi-Turn LLM Agent Scheduling with KV Cache Time-to-Live (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
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A survey on content-centric technologies for the current Internet: CDN and P2P solutions
Passarella, A. (2012) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2011.10.005 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Continuum: Efficient and Robust Multi-Turn LLM Agent Scheduling with KV Cache Time-to-Live
Li, H., He, R., Mang, Q., Zhang, Q., Mao, H., Chen, X., Zhou, H., Zhang, H., Cheung, A., Gonzalez, J., et al. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.02230
“…in Computer Systems: Time-to-live (TTL) is a longstanding abstraction in computer systems de-sign, widely used in DNS resolvers, distributed caches, CDN edge nodes, and consistency protocols to bound staleness and prevent unbounded resource retention [11, 15, 21, 22, 25, 27, 32, 42, 43, 58].”
- Authors
- Krishnamurthy, B., Wills, C., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- AT&T (United States) (US)
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the First ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement - IMW '01
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 2001
- Pages
- 169
- OpenAlex
- W2154601295
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop (IMW) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Caching and Content Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Traffic and Congestion Control
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Software System Performance and Reliability
- Keywords
- content delivery networks, web content delivery, origin server, URL rewriting, load balancing, server selection
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