The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace
Abstract
Computer graphics hardware supporting real-time interactive 3D animation has the potential to support effective user interfaces by enabling virtual 3D workspaces. However, this potential requires development of viewpoint movement techniques that support rapid and controlled movement through workspaces. Rapid movement through large distances avoids wasted work time; controlled movement near target objects allows the user to examine and interact with objects in the workspace. Current techniques for viewpoint movement typically use high velocities to cover distances rapidly, but high velocities are hard to control near objects. This paper describes a new technique for targeted viewpoint movement that solves this problem. The key idea is to have the user indicate a point of interest (target) on a 3D object and use the distance to this target to move the viewpoint logarithmically, by moving the same relative percentage of distance to the target on every animation cycle. the result is rapid motion over distances that slows as the viewpoint approaches the target object. The technique can be used with 2D and multidimensional input devices. We also extend the technique to move objects in the workspace.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three dimensional environments
Ware, C., & Osborne, S. (1990) · Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics - SI3D '90 · doi:10.1145/91385.91442 · Cited by 427
A study in interactive 3-D rotation using 2-D control devices
Chen, M., Mountford, S. J., & Sellen, A. (1988) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/378456.378497 · Cited by 317
Walkthrough---a dynamic graphics system for simulating virtual buildings
Brooks, F. P. (1987) · Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics - SI3D '86 · doi:10.1145/319120.319122 · Cited by 224
Human Perceptual-Motor Performance 1
Pew, R. W. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003176688-1 · Cited by 171
A Semantic Analysis of the Design Space of Input Devices
Mackinlay, J., Card, S. K., & Robertson, G. G. (1990) · Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.1990.9667153 · Cited by 152
Self-citationA study in interactive 3-D rotation using 2-D control devices
Chen, M., Mountford, S. J., & Sellen, A. J. (1988) · ACM SIGGRAPH Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH) · doi:10.1145/54852.378497 · Cited by 139
Hands-on interaction with virtual environments
Sturman, D. J., Zeltzer, D. L., & Pieper, S. (1989) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/73660.73663 · Cited by 126
The cognitive coprocessor architecture for interactive user interfaces
Robertson, G., Card, S. K., & Mackinlay, J. D. (1989) · Proceedings of the 2nd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technology · doi:10.1145/73660.73662 · Cited by 122
Self-citationA synthetic visual environment with hand gesturing and voice input
Weimer, D. M., & Ganapathy, S. K. (1989) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/67449.67495 · Cited by 105
Tablet-based valuators that provide one, two, or three degrees of freedom
Evans, K. B., Tanner, P. P., & Wein, M. (1981) · ACM SIGGRAPH Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH) · doi:10.1145/800224.806794 · Cited by 60
Cited by
The go-go interaction technique: non-linear mapping for direct manipulation in VR
Poupyrev, I., Billinghurst, M., Weghorst, S., & Ichikawa, T. (1996) · Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology - UIST '96 · doi:10.1145/237091.237102 · Cited by 872
Travel in immersive virtual environments: an evaluation of viewpoint motion control techniques
Bowman, D. A., Koller, D., & Hodges, L. F. (2002) · Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality · doi:10.1109/vrais.1997.583043 · Cited by 580
VRGit: A Version Control System for Collaborative Content Creation in Virtual Reality
Zhang, L., Agrawal, A., Oney, S., & Guo, A. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581136 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Mackinlay, J. D., Card, S. K., & Robertson, G. G.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 1990-09
- Pages
- 171-176
- OpenAlex
- W2134835560
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/97879.97898
- The paper
- Mackinlay, J. D., Card, S. K., & Robertson, G. G. (1990). Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace. Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. https://doi.org/10.1145/97879.97898
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.