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Cited by 848Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesAstrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications

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Naoz, Smadar·2016·Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
DOI 10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023315
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Abstract

The hierarchical triple-body approximation has useful applications to a variety of systems from planetary and stellar scales to supermassive black holes. In this approximation, the energy of each orbit is separately conserved, and therefore the two semimajor axes are constants. On timescales much larger than the orbital periods, the orbits exchange angular momentum, which leads to eccentricity and orientation (i.e., inclination) oscillations. The orbits' eccentricity can reach extreme values, leading to a nearly radial motion, which can further evolve into short orbit periods and merging binaries. Furthermore, the orbits' mutual inclinations may change dramatically from pure prograde to pure retrograde, leading to misalignment and a wide range of inclinations. This dynamical behavior is coined the “eccentric Kozai-Lidov mechanism.” The behavior of such a system is exciting, rich, and chaotic in nature. Furthermore, these dynamics are accessible from a large part of the triple-body parameter space and can be applied to a diverse range of astrophysical settings and used to gain insights into many puzzles.

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  • Kozai-Lidov cycles are a type of periodic angular momentum exchange that trade off mutual inclination and eccentricity.

    “Kozai-Lidov cycles are a type of periodic angular momentum exchange that also trade off mutual inclination and eccentricity (Kozai 1962, Lidov 1962, Naoz 2016).”

    From Origins of Hot Jupiters (2018) · cites this paper as Naoz 2016

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Authors
Naoz, S.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Naoz, Smadar
ORCID
Naoz, Smadar
Venue
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2016-09-19
Volume
54
Issue
1
Pages
441-489
ISSN
  • 0066-4146 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4282
DOI
10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023315
OpenAlex
W2309338676
Cited by
848
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 85 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1
FWCI
4.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Keywords
angular momentum exchange, orbital misalignment, binary mergers, chaotic dynamics, supermassive black holes, planetary systems, stellar systems

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