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Biomarkers for Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Open accessAbstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significant clinical activity in diverse cancer classes and can induce durable remissions in even refractory advanced disease. However, only a minority of cancer patients treated with ICB have long-term benefits, and ICB treatment is associated with significant, potentially life-threatening, autoimmune side effects. There is a great need to develop biomarkers of response to guide patient selection to maximize the chance of benefit and prevent unnecessary toxicity, and current biomarkers do not have optimal positive or negative predictive value. A variety of potential biomarkers are currently being developed, including those based on assessment of checkpoint protein expression, evaluation of tumor-intrinsic features including mutation burden and viral infection, evaluation of features of the tumor immune microenvironment including nature of immune cell infiltration, and features of the host such as composition of the gut microbiome. Better understanding of the underlying fundamental mechanisms of immune response and resistance to ICB, along with the use of complementary assays that interrogate distinct features of the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, and host immune system, will allow more precise use of these therapies to optimize patient outcomes.
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“Although a range of assays have been approved, there remains significant variation in antibodies, tissue handling techniques, and thresholds, which limits the uniform benefit of PD-L1 expression as an isolated biomarker, and efforts are under way to integrate PD-L1 expression with other biomarkers (described below; ref. 127).”
From The Next Decade of Immune Checkpoint Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, as our understanding of host effects on the immune system has grown, it is clear that the gut microbiome exerts influence over the effectiveness of ICTs (127).”
From The Next Decade of Immune Checkpoint Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [127]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ganesan, S., & Mehnert, J.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Cancer Biology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2020-03-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 331-351
- ISSN
- 2472-3428 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2994573450
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Cancer Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- immune checkpoint blockade, predictive biomarkers, treatment response, immune-related adverse events, patient selection, tumor immune microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, gut microbiota, tumor mutational burden, viral infection, immune resistance mechanisms
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