Postpartum depression: pathophysiology, treatment, and emerging therapeutics
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is vital to identify best treatments for optimal maternal, infant, and family outcomes. New understanding of PPD pathophysiology and emerging therapeutics offer the potential for new ways to add to current medications, somatic treatments, and evidence-based psychotherapy. The benefits and potential harms of treatment, including during breastfeeding, are presented.
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A history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy, is a particularly important risk factor for postnatal depression.
“A particularly important risk factor would be a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy [11].”
From Acceptance Mindfulness-Trait as a Protective Factor for Post-Natal Depression: A Preliminary Research (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
In one large pragmatic trial of unguided iCBT, the median number of completed sessions for two widely used programs was one out of eight and one out of six.
“In one large pragmatic trial of unguided iCBT, the median number of completed sessions for two widely used programs was one out of eight and one out of six. 642”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [642]
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References 73 · Cited by 445
- Authors
- Stewart, D. E., & Vigod, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Medicine
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-01-27
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 183-196
- ISSN
- 0066-4219 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-326X
- OpenAlex
- W2914543137
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, pathophysiology, treatment, new drugs, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, pregnancy, maternal outcomes, infant outcomes, family outcomes, psychotherapy, somatic treatment, breastfeeding, antidepressants
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prognosis, Psychotherapy, Severity of Illness Index, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Depression, Postpartum
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