HIV Infection, Inflammation, Immunosenescence, and Aging
Open accessAbstract
Although antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection prevents AIDS-related complications and prolongs life, it does not fully restore health. Long-term treated patients remain at higher than expected risk for a number of complications typically associated with aging, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and other end-organ diseases. The potential effect of HIV on health is perhaps most clearly exhibited by a number of immunologic abnormalities that persist despite effective suppression of HIV replication. These changes are consistent with some of the changes to the adaptive immune system that are seen in the very old (“immunosenescence”) and that are likely related in part to persistent inflammation. HIV-associated inflammation and immunosenescence have been implicated as causally related to the premature onset of other end-organ diseases. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or reversing these immunologic defects may be necessary if HIV-infected patients are to achieve normal life span.
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The mechanisms accounting for the excess risk of HANA conditions in long-term treated HIV-infected adults likely include persistent immune dysfunction/inflammation, treatment toxicity, co-infections such as CMV, HCV, and HBV, and traditional risk factors including use of alcohol, tobacco, and psychoactive drugs.
“The mechanisms accounting for this excess risk likely include persistent immune dysfunction/inflammation, treatment toxicity, co-infections such as CMV, HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and traditional risk factors (including use of alcohol, tobacco, and psychoactive drugs) (15,47,48).”
From HIV and Aging: State of Knowledge and Areas of Critical Need for Research. A Report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
The cumulative burden of HIV-related complications reduces a person's ability to compensate and respond to many events, which collectively results in onset of frailty and other geriatric syndromes.
“The cumulative burden of these complications reduces a person’s ability to compensate and respond to many events, which collectively results in onset of frailty and other geriatric syndromes (15, 17, 48).”
From HIV and Aging: State of Knowledge and Areas of Critical Need for Research. A Report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
eGFR is an important component in multi-variate models of mortality and hospitalization in HIV-infected persons.
“However, eGFR can be readily obtained from standard blood chemistry panels and is an important component in multi-variate models of mortality and hospitalization in HIV-infected persons (15, 17, 48, 55).”
From HIV and Aging: State of Knowledge and Areas of Critical Need for Research. A Report to the NIH Office of AIDS Research by the HIV and Aging Working Group (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
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References 97 · Cited by 1,349
- Authors
- Deeks, S. G.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deeks, Steven G.
- ORCID
- Deeks, Steven G.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Medicine
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-02-18
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-155
- ISSN
- 0066-4219 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-326X
- PMC
- PMC3759035
- OpenAlex
- W2138694347
- Cited by
- 1,349
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 106 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 91 · 2013: 108 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL095130)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI071713, P0 AI27763, K24AI069994, 1R24AI067039-1, R01AI087145, R24AI067039, P30AI027763)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024131)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- HIV infection, immunosenescence, chronic inflammation, aging, antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease, cancer risk, osteoporosis, end-organ disease, adaptive immunity, premature aging
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Bone Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Kidney Diseases, Liver Diseases, Neoplasms, Nervous System Diseases, T-Lymphocytes, HIV Infections, Treatment Outcome, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Metabolic Syndrome, Mitochondrial Diseases, Intra-Abdominal Fat
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