Engineering Therapeutic T Cells: From Synthetic Biology to Clinical Trials
Open accessAbstract
Engineered T cells are currently in clinical trials to treat patients with cancer, solid organ transplants, and autoimmune diseases. However, the field is still in its infancy. The design, and manufacturing, of T cell therapies is not standardized and is performed mostly in academic settings by competing groups. Reliable methods to define dose and pharmacokinetics of T cell therapies need to be developed. As of mid-2016, there are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved T cell therapeutics on the market, and FDA regulations are only slowly adapting to the new technologies. Further development of engineered T cell therapies requires advances in immunology, synthetic biology, manufacturing processes, and government regulation. In this review, we outline some of these challenges and discuss the contributions that pathologists can make to this emerging field.
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Antigen-specific human T cells can be produced ex vivo by non-targeted viral transduction of defined TCRs, CARs, or other synthetic receptors.
“Antigen-specific human T cells can be generated ex vivo by non-targeted viral transduction of defined T cell receptors (TCRs), chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), or other synthetic receptors (Esensten et al., 2017).”
From Pooled Knockin Targeting for Genome Engineering of Cellular Immunotherapies (2020) · cites this paper as Esensten et al., 2017
Genetically engineered immune cell therapies are effective for some cancer types but still cannot cure most tumors.
“Genetically engineered immune cell therapies have proven effective for treatment of some cancer types (Esensten et al., 2017; Fesnak et al., 2016; June and Sadelain, 2018; Sadelain et al., 2017), but they still cannot cure most tumors.”
From Pooled Knockin Targeting for Genome Engineering of Cellular Immunotherapies (2020) · cites this paper as Esensten et al., 2017
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References 143 · Cited by 62
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [147]Wu C-Y Roybal KT Puchner EM Onuffer J Lim WA Remote control of therapeutic T cells through a small molecule–gated chimeric receptor Science 350 aab4077 26405231 PMC4721629
- Authors
- Esensten, J. H., Bluestone, J. A., & Lim, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2017-01-24
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 305-330
- ISSN
- 1553-4006 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-4014
- PMC
- PMC5557092
- OpenAlex
- W2411185739
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 143
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA196277)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › CAR-T cell therapy research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- engineered T cells, T cell therapy, synthetic biology, cancer immunotherapy, solid organ transplantation, autoimmune disease, T cell manufacturing, FDA regulation, regulatory challenges
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Synthetic Biology, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
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