CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 98

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

LOOTING AND THE WORLD'S ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: The Inadequate Response

Brodie, Neil, Renfrew, Colin·2005·Annual Review of Anthropology
DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The world's archaeological heritage is under serious threat from illegal and destructive excavations that aim to recover antiquities for sale on the international market. These antiquities are sold without provenance, so that their true nature is hard to discern, and many are ultimately acquired by major museums in Europe and North America. The adoption in 1970 by UNESCO of the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property created a new ethical environment in which museums and their representative associations adopted policies that were designed to guard against the acquisition of “unprovenanced,” and therefore most probably looted, antiquities. Unfortunately, over the past decade, U.S. museum associations have been advocating a more relaxed disposition, and the broader archaeological and anthropological communities are in significant measure responsible since they have met this unwelcome development largely in silence.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Looters tend to target certain archaeological sites associated with cultures that produced polychrome ceramics, colorful textiles, precious metals, and other goods that can be sold for profit on black markets.

    “Looters tend to target certain archaeological sites associated with cultures that produced polychrome ceramics, colorful textiles, precious metals, and other goods that can be sold for profit on black markets [56].”

    From Unstructured satellite survey detects up to 20% of archaeological sites in coastal valleys of southern Peru (2024) · cites this paper as [56]

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 73

  1. AAM, 1985, Hearing Before the Committee on Criminal Law of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate Ninety-ninth Congress on S.605, 156
  2. AAM, 2000, Int. J. Cult. Prop., 9, 76
  3. AAMD, 2004, Report of the AAMD task force on the acquisition of archaeological materials and ancie-nt art
  4. AIA, 2000, Int. J. Cult. Prop., 9, 105
  5. Ali I, 1998, Cult. Without Context, 3, 10
  6. Alva W. 2001. The destruction, looting and traffic of the archaeological heritage of Peru. See Brodie et al. 2001, pp.89–96
  7. Atwood R, 2004, Stealing History: Tomb Raiders, Smugglers, and the Looting of the Ancient World
  8. Biddle M, 1980, Exped., 22, 2
  9. 10.1017/S0003598X00089456 · DOI
  10. Brodie N, 1998, Cult. Without Context, 3, 7
  11. Brodie NJ, 2004, Material Engagements: Studies in Honour of Colin Renfrew, 83
  12. Brodie NJ, 2001, Trade in Illicit Antiquities: The Destruction of the World's Archaeological Heritage
  13. Brodie NJ, 2000, Stealing History
  14. 10.4135/9781412950664.n223 · DOI
  15. 10.2307/507226 · DOI
  16. 10.2307/775285 · DOI
  17. D'Arcy D, 2002, The Art Newsp., 130, 3
  18. Doole J, 1999, Cult. Without Context, 4, 5
  19. Doole J, 2001, Cult. Without Context, 9, 16
  20. Elia R. 2001. Analysis of the looting, selling and collecting of Apulian red-figure vases: a quantitative approach. See Brodie et al. 2001, pp.145–54
  21. Eule JC, 2004, Illegale Archäologie?, 96
  22. Fernandez Cacho S, 2000, Cult. Without Context, 7, 17
  23. Gerstenblith P. 1995. The Kanakariá mosaics and the United States law on the restitution of stolen and illegally exported cultural property. See Tubb 1995, pp.105–21
  24. Gerstenblith P, 2002, Cult. Without Context, 10, 27
  25. Gerstenblith P, 2003, Cardozo J. Int. Comp. Law, 11, 409
  26. Gerstenblith P, 2003, Cult. Without Context, 13, 5
  27. Gilgan E. 2001. Looting and the market for Maya objects: a Belizean perspective. See Brodie et al. 2001, pp.73–87
  28. 10.2307/506716 · DOI
  29. Graepler D, 1993, Fundort: Unbekannt. Raubgrabungen Zerstören das Archäologische Erbe
  30. Gutchen M, 1983, J. Field Archaeol., 10, 217
  31. Heilmeyer W-D, 2004, Illegale Archäologie
  32. Henley J, 2000, The Observer,, 23, 25
  33. Hoving T, 1996, False Impressions
  34. Howland RH, 1997, Mycenaean Treasures of the Aegean Bronze Age Repatriated
  35. ICOM, 2004, Code of Ethics for Museums
  36. Kaufman JE, 1996, The Art Newsp., 6, 17
  37. Kaye LM, Main CT. 1995. The saga of the Lydian Hoard antiquities: from Uşak to New York and back and some related observations on the law of cultural repatriation. See Tubb 1995, pp.150–62
  38. Kirkpatrick SD, 1992, Lords of Sipan
  39. Kokkou A, 1993, The Getty Kouros Colloquium
  40. Lewis G, 2004, ICOM News, 2004, 1
  41. Leyten H, 1995, Illicit Traffic in Cultural Property: Museums Against Pillage
  42. Litt S, 2004, The Plain Dealer
  43. Lyons CL, 2002, Claiming the Stones. Naming the Bones, 116
  44. Messenger PM, 1999, The Ethics of Collecting Cultural Property
  45. Meyer KE, 1973, The Plundered Past.
  46. Nørskov V, 2002, Greek Vases in New Contexts
  47. O'Keefe PJ, 1997, Trade in Antiquities: Reducing Destruction and Theft
  48. O'Neill M, 2004, Mus. Soc., 2, 192
  49. Ortiz G, 1996, In Pursuit of the Absolute, Art of the Ancient World from the George Ortiz Collection
  50. Pal P, 1997, A Collecting Odyssey. Indian, Himalayan and Southeast Asian Art from the James and Marilynn Alsdorf Collection
  51. Pastore G. 2001. The looting of archaeological sites in Italy. See Brodie et al. 2001, pp.155–60
  52. Renfrew C, 2000, Loot, Legitimacy and Ownership
  53. Renfrew C, 2004, Not for Sale, a Swiss-British Conference on the Traffic in Artifacts from Iraq, Afghanistan and Beyond, 8
  54. Ridgway BS, 1978, Am. J. Archaeol., 82, 1, 10.1086/AJS503792 · DOI
  55. Robinson WV, 1998, The Boston Globe, 27, A1, A30–31
  56. Robinson WV, 1998, The Boston Globe, 13, A1
  57. Robinson WV, 1998, The Boston Globe, 16, A1
  58. Rose M, 1995, Archaeology, 48, 45
  59. Russell JM, 1997, Cult. Without Context, 1, 6
  60. Schick J, 1998, The Gods are Leaving the Country: Art Theft from Nepal
  61. Schmidt PR, 1996, Plundering Africa's Past
  62. 10.1017/S0940739100770949 · DOI
  63. Stead IM, 1998, The Salisbury Hoard
  64. Symposium, 1994, Final Rep., Dec. 10–12
  65. Toner M, 2002, The Past in Peril
  66. True M, 1997, Antichità Senza Provenienza II, 137
  67. True M, 1994, A Passion for Antiquities: Ancient Art from the Collection of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman
  68. Tubb KW, 1995, Antiquities Trade or Betrayed: Legal, Ethical and Conservation Issues
  69. 10.2307/529511 · DOI
  70. Vitelli KD, 1996, Archaeol. Ethics.
  71. von Bothmer D, 1990, Glories of the Past, Ancient Art from the Shelby White and Leon Levy Collection
  72. Watson P, 1997, Sotheby's: Inside Story
  73. Watson P, 1998, Cult. Without Context, 2, 11

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Brodie, N., & Renfrew, C.
Affiliations
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom;,
Venue
Annual Review of Anthropology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2005-10-01
Volume
34
Issue
1
Pages
343-361
ISSN
  • 0084-6570
  • 1545-4290
DOI
10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551
Cited by
98
References
0
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review