Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 409

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Protein Design by Directed Evolution

Jäckel, Christian, Kast, Peter, Hilvert, Donald·2008·Annual Review of Biophysics

Abstract

While nature evolved polypeptides over billions of years, protein design by evolutionary mimicry is progressing at a far more rapid pace. The mutation, selection, and amplification steps of the evolutionary cycle may be imitated in the laboratory using existing proteins, or molecules created de novo from random sequence space, as starting templates. However, the astronomically large number of possible polypeptide sequences remains an obstacle to identifying and isolating functionally interesting variants. Intelligently designed libraries and improved search techniques are consequently important for future advances. In this regard, combining experimental and computational methods holds particular promise for the creation of tailored protein receptors and catalysts for tasks unimagined by nature.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.125832

Cites

77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 77 references

Cited by

See all 409

Metadata

Authors
Jäckel, C., Kast, P., & Hilvert, D.
Venue
Annual Review of Biophysics
Published
2008-06-01
Volume
37
Issue
1
Pages
153-173
ISSN
  • 1936-122X (ISSN-L)
  • 1936-1238
OpenAlex
W2144794655
Cited by
409
References
77
FWCI
2.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Protein Design by Directed Evolution. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.125832
The paper
Jäckel, C., Kast, P., & Hilvert, D. (2008). Protein Design by Directed Evolution. Annual Review of Biophysics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.125832

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.