The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ADAPTATIONS IN SCALE INSECTS
Abstract
▪ Abstract Many unusual features of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) can be explained as historical legacy. Developmental specializations in ancestral coccoids resulted in a neotenous adult female and a drastic metamorphosis of the male. Subsequent evolution led to numerous, often convergently derived, adaptations to parasitic life on higher plants. The sedentary lifestyle of female scale insects has favored the evolution of appendage reduction or loss, gross changes in body shape, and protective wax secretions, tests, and other scale covers. Morphological peculiarities of adult males relate to flight or to mating with concealed females. Scale insects have diverse egg-protecting methods, a range of chromosome behaviors (including several methods of sex determination), marked sexual dimorphism [even sometimes in first-instar nymphs (crawlers)], and more rarely sexual dichronism. Crawlers have evolved as the main agents of dispersal. The biotic interactions of scale insects include diverse endosymbioses with microorganisms, sometimes morphological and behavioral adaptations for obligate association with ants, and often highly specific host-plant associations that may lead to demic adaptation or the evolution of complex galls.
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Citations
Cites
Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms
Batra, L. R., & Buchner, P. (1968) · Mycologia · doi:10.2307/3757184 · Cited by 1,245
Endosymbiosis of animals with plant microorganisms
Brooks, M. A. (1966) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/0022-2011(66)90065-6 · Cited by 1,106
The origin and early diversification of angiosperms
Crane, P. R., Friis, E. M., & Pedersen, K. R. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374027a0 · Cited by 785
The Evolution of Flightlessness in Insects
Roff, D. A. (1990) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1943013 · Cited by 635
MYCETOCYTE SYMBIOSIS IN INSECTS
DOUGLAS, A. E. (1989) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1989.tb00682.x · Cited by 524
Poinar, G. O. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 353
Kristensen, N. P. (1991) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 346
Coevolution in Insect Herbivores and Conifers
Edmunds, G. F., & Alstad, D. N. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.199.4332.941 · Cited by 345
The Ultrastructure and Phylogeny of Insect Spermatozoa
Jamieson, B. G. M. (1987) · Cited by 326
Phylogenetics of cytoplasmically inherited microorganisms of arthropods
Moran, N., & Baumann, P. (1994) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(94)90226-7 · Cited by 301
Cited by
Protective Ant-Plant Interactions as Model Systems in Ecological and Evolutionary Research
Heil, M., & McKey, D. (2003) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132410 · Cited by 718
POLLOCK, D. A., & NORMARK, B. B. (2002) · Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2002.00183.x · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Gullan, P. J., & Kosztarab, M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Entomology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-50
- ISSN
- 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4487
- OpenAlex
- W2144817874
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 0.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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