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Cited by 211Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMedical Imaging Techniques and Applications

Alzheimer disease: new concepts on its neurobiology and the clinical role imaging will play

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Jack, Clifford R.·2012·Radiology
DOI 10.1148/radiol.12110433PMC PMC3329271
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Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of, if not the most, feared diseases associated with aging. The prevalence of AD increases exponentially with age after 60 years. Increasing life expectancy coupled with the absence of any approved disease-modifying therapies at present position AD as a dominant public health problem. Major advances have occurred in the development of disease biomarkers for AD in the past 2 decades. At present, the most well-developed AD biomarkers are the cerebrospinal fluid analytes amyloid-β 42 and tau and the brain imaging measures amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. CSF and imaging biomarkers are incorporated into revised diagnostic guidelines for AD, which have recently been updated for the first time since their original formulation in 1984. Results of recent studies suggest the possibility of an ordered evolution of AD biomarker abnormalities that can be used to stage the typical 20-30-year course of the disease. When compared with biomarkers in other areas of medicine, however, the absence of standardized quantitative metrics for AD imaging biomarkers constitutes a major deficiency. Failure to move toward a standardized system of quantitative metrics has substantially limited potential diagnostic usefulness of imaging in AD. This presents an important opportunity that, if widely embraced, could greatly expand the application of imaging to improve clinical diagnosis and the quality and efficiency of clinical trials.

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  • A number of clinical studies using DTI have observed increased MD and reduced FA in the white matter of the brains of AD patients compared to healthy controls.

    “A number of clinical studies using DTI have observed increased MD and reduced FA in the white matter of the brains of AD patients when compared to healthy controls (Jack, 2012, Sabbagh et al., 2013).”

    From In vivo imaging of tau pathology using multi-parametric quantitative MRI (2015) · cites this paper as Jack, 2012

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Authors
Jack, C. R.
Affiliations
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Jack, Clifford R.
ORCID
Jack, Clifford R.
Venue
Radiology
Publisher
Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
Published
2012-05
Volume
263
Issue
2
Pages
344-361
ISSN
  • 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-1315
DOI
10.1148/radiol.12110433
PMC
PMC3329271
OpenAlex
W2159072799
Cited by
211
References
283
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 15
FWCI
4.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Radiology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Alzheimer's Association
  • National Institutes of Health (AG11378)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG011378)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, neurobiology, amyloid-beta 42, tau protein, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, amyloid PET, FDG-PET, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic criteria, disease staging, clinical trials, aging
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neurobiology, Risk Factors, United States, Biomarkers, Incidence, Prevalence, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Radiopharmaceuticals, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, Neuroimaging

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