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Safety considerations in MR imaging.
Abstract
The authors identify eight areas of potential safety concern during clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These include (a) biologic effects of the static magnetic field; (b) ferromagnetic attractive "projectile" effects of the static magnetic field; (c) potential effects of the relatively slowly time-varying magnetic field gradients; (d) effects of the rapidly varying radio-frequency (RF) magnetic fields, including RF power deposition concerns; (e) auditory considerations from noise caused by the rapidly pulsed magnetic field gradients; (f) safety considerations concerning superconductive systems, including quenches, use of cryogens, and cryogen storage and handling; (g) psychological effects, such as claustrophobia and anxiety induced because of the examination; and (h) possible effects of the intravenous use of the MR contrast agent gadopentetate dimeglumine. The concerns in each of these categories are elaborated upon, and the available data are presented to clarify their status.
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Cited by
Metal-Induced Artifacts in MRI
Hargreaves, B. A., Worters, P. W., Pauly, K. B., Pauly, J. M., Koch, K. M., & Gold, G. E. (2011) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.11.7364 · Cited by 559
American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Coté, C. J., Wilson, S., & the Work Group on Sedation (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2780 · Cited by 555
GUIDELINES ON LIMITS OF EXPOSURE TO STATIC MAGNETIC FIELDS
(2009) · Health Physics · doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000343164.27920.4a · Cited by 455
De Wilde, J. P., Rivers, A. W., & Price, D. L. (2005) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.08.010 · Cited by 351
Update on Bispectral Index monitoring
Johansen, J. W. (2006) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2005.08.004 · Cited by 313
Metadata
- Authors
- Kanal, E., Shellock, F. G., & Talagala, L.
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 1990-09
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 593-606
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2104290027
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Safety considerations in MR imaging. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1148/radiology.176.3.2202008
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- Kanal, E., Shellock, F. G., & Talagala, L. (1990). Safety considerations in MR imaging. Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.176.3.2202008
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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
