The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Neurobiology of Opioid Dependence: Implications for Treatment
Open accessAbstract
Opioid tolerance, dependence, and addiction are all manifestations of brain changes resulting from chronic opioid abuse. The opioid abuser's struggle for recovery is in great part a struggle to overcome the effects of these changes. Medications such as methadone, LAAM, buprenorphine, and naltrexone act on the same brain structures and processes as addictive opioids, but with protective or normalizing effects. Despite the effectiveness of medications, they must be used in conjunction with appropriate psychosocial treatments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A key component of OUD is the development of long-lasting drug craving (3–5), whether in the context of prescribed opioids, such as for analgesic purposes, or illicitly acquired heroin.”
From Craving in Opioid Use Disorder: From Neurobiology to Clinical Practice (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis
Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953
The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive–sensitization view
Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.19.x · Cited by 1,507
Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion
Breiter, H. C., Gollub, R. L., Weisskoff, R. M., Kennedy, D. N., Makris, N., Berke, J. D., Goodman, J. M., Kantor, H. L., Gastfriend, D. R., Riorden, J. P., et al. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80374-8 · Cited by 1,270
Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P. M. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.2.119 · Cited by 1,053
Stress-induced relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking in rats: a review
Shaham, Y., Erb, S. M., & Stewart, J. (2000) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(00)00024-2 · Cited by 704
Drug dependence: stress and dysregulation of brain reward pathways
Kreek, M. J., & Koob, G. F. (1998) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00064-7 · Cited by 696
Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction
Addiction, N. C. D. P. O. E. M. T. O. O. (1998) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.280.22.1936 · Cited by 577
Grace, A. A. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.1.x · Cited by 433
Buprenorphine vs Methadone Maintenance Treatment for Concurrent Opioid Dependence and Cocaine Abuse
Schottenfeld, R. S. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830200041006 · Cited by 300
Buprenorphine versus Methadone Maintenance for Opioid Dependence
KOSTEN, T. R., SCHOTTENFELD, R., ZIEDONIS, D., & FALCIONI, J. (1993) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199306000-00004 · Cited by 267
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prevention and Treatment of Opioid Misuse and Addiction: A Review
Volkow, N. D., Jones, E. B., Einstein, E. B., & Wargo, E. M. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3126 · Cited by 596
Targeting voltage-gated calcium channels in neurological and psychiatric diseases
Zamponi, G. W. (2015) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.5 · Cited by 374
Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development
Koob, G. F. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000083 · Cited by 337
Opioid Analgesia and Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects: A Review
Paul, A. K., Smith, C. M., Rahmatullah, M., Nissapatorn, V., Wilairatana, P., Spetea, M., Gueven, N., & Dietis, N. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14111091 · Cited by 332
Els, C., Jackson, T., Kunyk, D., Lappi, V. G., Sonnenberg, B., Hagtvedt, R., Sharma, S., Kolahdooz, F., & Straube, S. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012509.pub2 · Cited by 304
Metadata
- Authors
- Kosten, T., & George, T.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kosten, Thomas
- Venue
- Science & Practice Perspectives
- Publisher
- NIDA/RTI International
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-20
- ISSN
- 1930-4307 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-4315
- PMC
- PMC2851054
- OpenAlex
- W1997980357
- Cited by
- 505
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science & Practice Perspectives (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA-1-4039, P50 DA12762, K05‐DA00454, R01-DA-1-3672, K12 DA00167)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- opioid use disorder, opioid tolerance, neurobiology of addiction, methadone maintenance treatment, LAAM, buprenorphine, naltrexone, opioid antagonists, psychosocial interventions, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Brain, Humans, Models, Neurological, Narcotic Antagonists, Opioid-Related Disorders, Receptors, Opioid, Behavior, Addictive
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
