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Gender dimorphism in rat liver mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and biogenesis
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated gender differences in rat liver mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Total mitochondrial population (M) as well as the heavy (M1), medium (M3), and light (M8) mitochondrial fractions obtained by means of differential centrifugation steps at 1,000, 3,000, and 8,000 g, respectively, were isolated. Electron microscopic analysis was performed and mitochondrial protein content and cardiolipin levels, mitochondrial O(2) flux, ATP synthase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein levels were measured in each sample. Our results indicate that mitochondria from females have higher protein content and higher cardiolipin levels, greater respiratory and phosphorylative capacities, and more-energized mitochondria in respiratory state 3. Moreover, protein levels of TFAM were four times greater in females than in males. Gender differences in the aforementioned parameters were more patent in the isolated heavy M1 and M3 mitochondrial fractions. The present study demonstrates that gender-related differences in liver mitochondrial function are due mainly to a higher capacity and efficiency of substrate oxidation, likely related to greater mitochondrial machinery in females than in males, which is in accord with greater mitochondrial differentiation in females.
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“Other aspects of sex differences in mitochondria in different tissues include mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, susceptibility to mPTP opening, and cell apoptosis (111–113).”
From From mitochondria to sarcopenia: role of 17β-estradiol and testosterone (2023) · cites this paper as [111]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Justo, R., Boada, J., Frontera, M., Oliver, J., Bermúdez, J., & Gianotti, M.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 289
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- C372-C378
- ISSN
- 0363-6143 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1563
- OpenAlex
- W2013876080
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- sex differences, liver mitochondria, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, cardiolipin, mitochondrial protein content, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP synthase activity, mitochondrial respiration, phosphorylation, TFAM, mitochondrial fraction, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Organelle Biogenesis, Energy Metabolism, Female, Flow Cytometry, Male, Mitochondria, Liver, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Sex Characteristics, Submitochondrial Particles, Transcription Factors, Blotting, Western, Rats, Wistar, Cell Respiration, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Rats
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