Significant improvement in cardiometabolic health in healthy nonobese individuals during caloric restriction-induced weight loss and weight loss maintenance
Open accessAbstract
Calorie restriction (CR) triggers benefits for healthspan including decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease (CVD). In an ancillary study to CALERIE 2, a 24-mo 25% CR study, we assessed the cardiometabolic effects of CR in 53 healthy, nonobese (BMI: 22–28 kg/m 2) men ( n = 17) and women ( n = 36). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CR can reduce risk factors for CVD and insulin resistance in nonobese humans and, moreover, to assess whether improvements are exclusive to a period of weight loss or continue during weight maintenance. According to the energy balance method, the 25% CR intervention ( n = 34) produced 16.5 ± 1.5% (mean ± SE) and 14.8 ± 1.5% CR after 12 and 24 mo (M12, M24), resulting in significant weight loss (M12 −9 ± 0.5 kg, M24 −9 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001). Weight was maintained in the group that continued their habitual diet ad libitum (AL, n = 19). In comparison to AL, 24 mo of CR decreased visceral (−0.5 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.0001) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (−1.9 ± 0.2kg, P < 0.001) as well as intramyocellular lipid content (−0.11 ± 0.05%, P = 0.031). Furthermore, CR decreased blood pressure (SBP −8 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.005; DBP −6 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (−13.6 ± 5.3 mg/dl, P = 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (−12.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl, P = 0.005), and the 10-yr risk of CVD-disease was reduced by 30%. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased during weight loss in the CR group (−0.46 ± 0.15, P = 0.003), but this decrease was not maintained during weight maintenance (−0.11 ± 0.15, P = 0.458). In conclusion, sustained CR in healthy, nonobese individuals is beneficial in improving risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease such as visceral adipose tissue mass, ectopic lipid accumulation, blood pressure, and lipid profile, whereas improvements in insulin sensitivity were only transient.
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A long-term calorie-restricted diet extends lifespan and reduces age-related physiological impairments in a variety of organisms.
“a long-term calorie-restricted diet has been recognized for many years as a way to extend lifespan and reduce age-related physiological impairments in a variety of organisms [114–116].”
From Targeting Intramyocellular Lipids to Improve Aging Muscle Function (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
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References 53 · Cited by 117
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- Mattison JA, Roth GS, Beasley TM, Tilmont EM, Handy AM, Her- bert RL, Longo DL, Allison DB, Young JE, Bryant M, Barnard D, E403 CR AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH IN HEALTHY NONOBESE HUMANS AJP-Endocrinol Metab • doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2017 • www.ajpendo.org · DOI
- Authors
- Most, J., Gilmore, L. A., Smith, S. R., Han, H., Ravussin, E., & Redman, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Corresponding author
- Redman, Leanne M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2018-04-01
- Volume
- 314
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- E396-E405
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- PMC
- PMC5966756
- OpenAlex
- W2774913294
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 10.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) (R01 AG029914, R01 AG030226, U01 AG020478, R01 AG031797)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, weight loss, weight maintenance, cardiometabolic health, cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, intramyocellular lipid, ectopic fat deposition, blood pressure, lipid profile, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, energy balance, 10-year cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Body Weight Maintenance, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Weight Loss, Caloric Restriction, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
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