The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
Abstract
Methods for the quantification of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose (hyperglycemic clamp technique) and of tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic insulin clamp technique) are described. Hyperglycemic clamp technique. The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a priming infusion of glucose. The desired hyperglycemic plateau is subsequently maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the negative feedback principle. Because the plasma glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism. Under these conditions of constant hyperglycemia, the plasma insulin response is biphasic with an early burst of insulin release during the first 6 min followed by a gradually progressive increase in plasma insulin concentration. Euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at approximately 100 muU/ml by a prime-continuous infusion of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion using the negative feedback principle. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate equals glucose uptake by all the tissues in the body and is therefore a measure of tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin.
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In the citing paper
“The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (hereinafter referred to as clamp) accounts for the simultaneous rather than sequential responses to glucose and insulin. The clamp offers a highly reproducible physiologic method for quantifying β-cell sensitivity to glucose and tissue sensitivity to insulin 16.”
From Effect of exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“The euglycemic insulin clamp technique ( 5 ) is considered to be the gold standard for measuring insulin action in vivo.”
From Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Is the Primary Defect in Type 2 Diabetes (2009) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Under these steady-state conditions of constant euglycemia, all of the glucose infused was taken up by the cells.”
From Epinephrine-induced insulin resistance in man (1980) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique is the “gold standard” for quantifying insulin sensitivity in vivo because it directly measures the effects of insulin to promote glucose utilization under steady state conditions (7,8).”
From Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans (2000) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In parallel, development of techniques to measure insulin-mediated glucose disposal allowed for direct confirmation of insulin resistance in individuals matching a noninsulin-dependent diabetes phenotype39–41.”
From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Insulin Binding to Monocytes and Insulin Action in Human Obesity, Starvation, and Refeeding
Defronzo, R. A., Soman, V., Sherwin, R. S., Hendler, R., & Felig, P. (1978) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109108 · Cited by 252
Self-citationRetractedSeltzer, H. S., Allen, E. W., Herron, A. L., & Brennan, M. T. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105534 · Cited by 819 · cited 2×
“In order to relate the response of the beta-cell (as assessed by changes in plasma insulin concentration) to the everchanging stimulus of the plasma glucose concentration, the use of an “insulinogenic index” has been proposed and widely used (11, 15).”
BackgroundMethodDynamics of Insulin Secretion by the Perfused Rat Pancreas
CURRY, D. L., BENNETT, L. L., & GRODSKY, G. M. (1968) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-83-3-572 · Cited by 601
A model of the kinetics of insulin in man
Sherwin, R. S., Kramer, K. J., Tobin, J. D., Insel, P. A., Liljenquist, J. E., Berman, M., & Andres, R. (1974) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107697 · Cited by 460 · cited 7×
“As described in a previous publication (17), this theory could be tested by subjecting the data to kinetic analysis (9).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPerley, M., & Kipnis, D. M. (1966) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.15.12.867 · Cited by 330
Insulin Control of Glucose Metabolism in Man
Insel, P. A., Liljenquist, J. E., Tobin, J. D., Sherwin, R. S., Watkins, P., Andres, R., & Berman, M. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108006 · Cited by 244
Self-citationGinsberg, H., Kimmerling, G., Olefsky, J. M., & Reaven, G. M. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107951 · Cited by 225
Research works printed but not linked: 10
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- DEFRONZO R. A., 1979, Am. J. PhysioZ., 236, E328
- 10.1172/JCI109144 · DOI
- 10.2337/diab.28.2.110 · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.7.6661 · Cited by 3,931
DeFronzo, R. A. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-9028 · Cited by 3,016
Self-citationMechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance
Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00063.2017 · Cited by 3,028
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Marchesini, G., Brizi, M., Bianchi, G., Tomassetti, S., Bugianesi, E., Lenzi, M., McCullough, A. J., Natale, S., Forlani, G., & Melchionda, N. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1844 · Cited by 2,581
Metadata
- Authors
- DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1979-09-01
- Volume
- 237
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E214
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2105912552
- Cited by
- 7,425
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 104 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 227 · 2023: 183 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 175 · 2017: 196 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 219 · 2014: 224 · 2013: 262 · 2012: 228
- FWCI
- 20.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- glucose clamp technique, hyperglycemic clamp, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, beta-cell glucose sensitivity, glucose infusion rate, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Mathematics, Methods, Science, Time Factors
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