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The lungs and vitamin A
Abstract
Evidence is reviewed supporting the view that vitamin A (retinol) and its metabolite, retinoic acid, called natural retinoids, are major factors involved in differentiation and in maturation of the lungs. This conclusion is based on morphological observation that lack of this dietary micronutrient causes keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bronchopulmonary tree that can be reversed by refeeding the animal with retinol. In addition to these observations suggesting an indirect participation of retinol and/or retinoic acid in the differentiation of this organ, more direct evidence is presented that this vitamin is involved in pulmonary gene expression. Adult as well as fetal lungs accumulate retinyl esters, the storage form of vitamin A, contain specific retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins and, more importantly, express several isoforms of nuclear retinoic acid receptors. These proteins are involved in activation and repression of specific genes regulated by retinoic acid. That retinol and/or retinoic acid may be involved in lung maturation is suggested by experimental results showing depletion of lung retinyl esters at birth, by significant alterations in the levels of the cellular retinoic acid-binding protein during lung maturation and, more importantly, by reduction in the morbidity of prematurely born human neonates who are given vitamin A because they are susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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“Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient, which means that the human body cannot synthesize it on its own and must be ingested.”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“The highest amounts of vitamin A are stored in the liver, but it is also found in adipose tissue, lungs and the RPE [2,3,4,5,6].”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chytil, F.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chytil, F.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1992-05-01
- Volume
- 262
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- L517-L527
- ISSN
- 1040-0605 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1504
- OpenAlex
- W2339772503
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r01hd009195-14a1, 5p50hl014214-25)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL14214)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD09195)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- vitamin A, retinol, retinoic acid, retinoids, lung maturation, lung differentiation, retinyl esters, retinol-binding protein, retinoic acid-binding protein, pulmonary gene expression, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, preterm infants, fetal lung
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Lung, Retinoids, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Vitamin A, Gene Expression, Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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