Retinyl esters in the vertebrate neuroretina
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to measure retinyl esters in the vertebrate retina. Both retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from frog, chicken, and bovine eyes were studied. In comparison to the RPE, the retina possessed a significant level of 11-cis and all trans retinyl palmitate. Using a sensitive radioassay, we also detected the presence of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) activity in homogenates prepared from both retina and RPE. The rate of retinyl ester hydrolysis in these retinas was sufficiently high to supply retinal chromophores for the metabolic renewal and for the regeneration of visual pigments. In comparison to retinyl esters in the RPE, retinyl esters in the retina are located much closer to the sites of visual pigment synthesis and regeneration. Hence it is possible that these retinyl esters play a more important role in the visual cycle than those in the RPE.
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Cone-dominant retinas have a substantially different retinoid distribution from rod-dominant species, with abundant 11-cis-retinyl esters in the retina rather than all-trans-retinyl esters stored in the RPE.
“The distribution of retinoids in cone-dominant retinas is substantially different from that of rod-dominant species, with an abundance of 11-cis-retinyl esters found in the retina as opposed to the stores of all-trans-retinyl esters in the RPE.”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [304]
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Muniz, A., Villazana-Espinoza, E. T., Hatch, A. L., Trevino, S. G., Allen, D. M., & Tsin, A. T. C. (2007) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.05.003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rodriguez, K. A., & Tsin, A. T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
- ORCID
- Tsin, A. T.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1989-01-01
- Volume
- 256
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- R255-R258
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2307531190
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY06438)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-07717)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-08194)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- retinyl esters, neuroretina, retinal pigment epithelium, retinyl ester hydrolase, visual cycle, visual pigment regeneration, retinoids, frog retina, chicken retina, bovine retina
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases, Cattle, Chickens, Female, Male, Pigment Epithelium of Eye, Rana pipiens, Vitamin A
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