Electrical stimulation of afferent vagus nerve induces IL-1β expression in the brain and activates HPA axis
Abstract
Possible roles of the afferent vagus nerve in regulation of interleukin (IL)-1beta expression in the brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were examined in anesthetized rats. Levels of IL-1beta mRNA and protein in the brain were measured by comparative RT-PCR and ELISA. Direct electrical stimulation of the central end of the vagus nerve was performed continuously for 2 h. The afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve induced increases in the expression of mRNA and protein levels of IL-1beta in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. Furthermore, expression of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA was increased in the hypothalamus 2 h after vagal stimulation. Plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone were also increased by this stimulation. The present results indicate that activation of the afferent vagus nerves itself can induce production of IL-1beta in the brain and activate the HPA axis. Therefore, the afferent vagus nerve may play an important role in transmitting peripheral signals to the brain in the infection and inflammation.
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Plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone are elevated after vagal stimulation.
“Furthermore, plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone were strikingly elevated after vagal stimulation.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Hosoi et al., 2000
In rodents, vagal stimulation increased the expression of CRF mRNA in the hypothalamus.
“In rodents, vagal stimulation increased the expression of CRF mRNA in the hypothalamus (Hosoi et al., 2000).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Hosoi et al., 2000
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References 45 · Cited by 220
- Authors
- Hosoi, T., Okuma, Y., & Nomura, Y.
- Affiliations
- Hokkaido University (JP)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 279
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- R141-R147
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2198326176
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- electrical stimulation, IL-1β, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor, ACTH, corticosterone, hypothalamus, hippocampus, neuroimmune regulation, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Electric Stimulation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Heart Rate, Hippocampus, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Interleukin-1, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, RNA, Messenger, Vagus Nerve, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rats
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