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Influence of menstrual cycle on shivering, skin blood flow, and sweating responses measured at night
Abstract
In 10 women, external cold and heat exposures were performed both in the middle of luteal phase (L) and in the early follicular phase (F) of the menstrual cycle. Serum progesterone concentrations in L and F averaged 46.0 and 0.9 nmol X l-1, respectively. The experiments took place between 3:00 and 4:30 A.M., when the L-F core temperature difference is maximal. At neutral ambient temperature, esophageal (Tes), tympanic (Tty), rectal (Tre), and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures averaged 0.59 degrees C higher in L than in F. The thresholds for shivering, chest sweating, and cutaneous vasodilation (heat clearance technique) at the thumb and forearm were increased in L by an average of 0.47 degrees C, related to mean body temperature [Tb(es) = 0.87Tes + 0.13 Tsk] and to Tes, Tty, Tre, or Tsk. The above-threshold chest sweat rate and cutaneous heat clearances at the thumb and forearm were also enhanced in L, when related to Tb(es) or time. The metabolic rate, arm blood flow, and heart rate at thermoneutral conditions were increased in L by 5.0%, 1.1 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1, and 4.6 beats X min-1, respectively. The concomitant increase in threshold temperatures for all autonomic thermoregulatory responses in L supports the concept of a resetting of the set point underlying the basal body temperature elevation in L. The effects of the increased threshold temperatures are counteracted by enhanced heat loss responses.
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In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, by insulating the auditory canal from the influence of ambient air, Hessemer and Bruck [29] were able to demonstrate very similar changes in tympanic and esophageal temperatures across the menstrual cycle.”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Core body temperature remained constantly higher in the luteal phase compared to in the follicular phase when women were exposed to a rapid decrease in air temperature (from 32°C to 12°C) that elicited shivering and an increase in metabolic rate (Figure 4; 29).”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The threshold core body temperature for heat production by shivering was 0.5°C higher in the luteal compared to the follicular phase.”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, a landmark study by Hessemer and Bruck [29] showed that there was a concomitant and almost identical change of all autonomic thermoregulatory thresholds (shivering, sweating and cutaneous vasodilation) from the early follicular to mid-luteal phase, in women exposed to environmental heating and cooling.”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“During heat exposure, the higher core body temperature in the luteal phase is coupled with a higher core temperature threshold for heat loss effector function, including cutaneous vasodilation and sweating (Figure 4; 29,122-126).”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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Fisher, R. (2015) · e-publications@bond (Bond University)
Tenaglia, S. A. (1997) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
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Hausswirth, C., & Meur, Y. L. (2015) · INSEP-Éditions eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.insep.1865
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Hutchins, K. P. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.207214
Karakaya, Z. E., Günalan, E., & Mutlu, H. (2025) · Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi · doi:10.57224/jhpr.1675669
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Wenger, C. B. (1997) · doi:10.21236/ada330791
Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle increases sweating rate during exercise
Garcia, A. M. C., Lacerda, M. G., Fonseca, I. A. T., Reis, F. M., Rodrigues, L. O. C., & Silami-Garcia, E. (2006) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000007 · Cited by 38
“Evidence about the possible effect of the menstrual cycle on thermoregulation during exercise is scarce and contradictory (6-11), although the importance of controlling for the menstrual cycle in thermoregulation studies involving fertile women has been repeatedly emphasized (12-14).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hessemer, V., & Bruck, K.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1985-12-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1902-1910
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1946460623
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, luteal phase, follicular phase, shivering, sweating, skin blood flow, cutaneous vasodilation, thermoregulation, basal body temperature, progesterone, core body temperature, cold exposure, heat exposure
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Body Temperature Regulation, Cold Temperature, Female, Follicular Phase, Hot Temperature, Humans, Luteal Phase, Mathematics, Menstrual Cycle, Regional Blood Flow, Shivering, Skin, Sweating
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