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Estrogen replacement in middle-aged women: thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat
Abstract
Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and body fluid responses during exercise in the heat were tested in five middle-aged (48 +/- 2 yr) women before and after 14-23 days of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The heat and exercise challenge consisted of a 40-min rest period followed by semirecumbent cycle exercise (approximately 40% maximal O2 uptake) for 60 min. At rest, the ambient temperature was elevated from a thermoneutral (dry bulb temperature 25 degrees C; wet bulb temperature 17.5 degrees C) to a warm humid (dry bulb temperature 36 degrees C; wet bulb temperature 27.5 degrees C) environment. Esophageal (Tes) and rectal (Tre) temperatures were measured to estimate body core temperature while arm blood flow and sweating rate were measured to assess the heat loss response. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured to evaluate the cardiovascular response. Blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin ([Hb]), plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), protein, and electrolyte concentrations. Plasma [E2] was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated by ERT without affecting the plasma [P4] levels. After ERT, Tes and Tre were significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by approximately 0.5 degrees C, and the Tes threshold for the onset of arm blood flow and sweating rate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower during exercise. After ERT, heart rate during exercise was significantly lower (P < 0.05) without notable variation in mean arterial pressure. Isotonic hemodilution occurred with ERT evident by significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Hct and [Hb], whereas plasma tonicity remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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In the citing paper
“Also, studies of the effects of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women show a reduction in resting rectal temperature (by ~0.5°C) [103,104].”
From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [104]
In the citing paper
“Thus, similar to postmenopausal women (Tankersley et al., 1992), estrogen replacement of ovariectomized rats improves the maintenance of core temperature during heat stress.”
From Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes (2013) · cites this paper as Tankersley et al., 1992
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Items 101–116 of 116
Brooks, E. M., Morgan, A. L., Pierzga, J. M., Wladkowski, S. L., O'Gorman, J. T., & Kenney, W. L. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199705001-01079 · Cited by 1
Self-citationThe Role of KNDy Neurons in Estrogen Modulation of LH Release, Body Weight, and Thermoregulation
Smith, M. A. (2012) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1
Tran, H. M., Tsai, F., Lee, K.-Y., Wang, Y., Yang, F., Ho, S., Bui, H. T. M., Hoang, L. N. N., Bui, L. T. M., Ho, K., et al. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178996 · Cited by 1
Postexercise hemodynamics: Interactions of sex, training status, and fluid regulation
Lynn, B. M. (2008) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)
Aging and Heat Stress: From Rest to Exercise
Stapleton, J. M. (2015) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-2714
progesteronemodifies the temperature effects of
Stachenfeld, N. S., Silva, C., Keefe, D. L., Sawka, M. N., Montain, S. J., Cheuvront, S. N., Bearden, S. E., Kenefick, R. W., Ely, B. R., DeGroot, D. W., et al. (2015)
Hayashi, K., Kawashima, T., Suzuki, Y., Tsuji, B., Honda, Y., Fujii, N., Kondo, N., Nishiyasu, T., & Ikebe, Y. (2015)
Correlation between circulating steroid hormones and Pao2 during cardiopulmonary bypass
Ishida, S., Toyozaki, M., Ishikawa, T., et al. (2013) · Japanese journal of extra-corporeal technology · doi:10.7130/jject.40.7
hemodynamicsof the menstrual cycle and sex on postexercise
Lynn, B. M., McCord, J. L., & Halliwill, J. R. (2016)
Fisher, R. (2015) · e-publications@bond (Bond University)
Pregnancy and Fever: Further on Endogenous Glucocorticoids
Alexander, B. N. (2010) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.5072/prism/12463
The Interactive Effects of Age and Sex on Whole-Body Heat Exchange During Exercise in the Heat
D’Souza, A. W. (2019) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-24124
“Cannon, & Kenney, 2000; Brooks-Asplund & Kenney, 1998), and an increased sweating rate (Tankersley et al., 1992).”
BackgroundProgesterone: Thermogenic Effect
Rai, A. K., Singh, A. K., & Neelabh (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_245-1 · Cited by 1
Sex Hormones and Environmental Factors Affecting Exercise
Wenner, M. M., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_5 · Cited by 1
From Physiology to Bioheat Simulation: A Data‐Driven Framework for Core Temperature Initialization
Rodríguez, D. S., Acosta, A. S., Vergara, C. D., Martínez, D., Bermúdez, S., Rodríguez, C. F., & Cruz, J. C. (2026) · Heat Transfer · doi:10.1002/htj.70364
Metadata
- Authors
- Tankersley, C. G., Nicholas, W. C., Deaver, D. R., Mikita, D., & Kenney, W. L.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- ORCID
- Kenney, W. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1992-10-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1238-1245
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2271211923
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- estrogen replacement therapy, middle-aged women, thermoregulation, exercise in the heat, heat stress, core body temperature, sweat rate, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, hemodilution, hematocrit, plasma estradiol, progesterone, serum electrolytes
- MeSH terms
- Aldosterone, Arm, Body Fluids, Body Temperature Regulation, Electrolytes, Estrogens, Female, Hot Temperature, Hematocrit, Hemoglobins, Humans, Menopause, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Regional Blood Flow, Sweating, Exercise
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