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CORP: The assessment of total hemoglobin mass by carbon monoxide rebreathing
Abstract
In this Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) article, we present the theory and practical aspects of the carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method for the determination of total hemoglobin mass in humans. With CO rebreathing, a small quantity of CO is diluted in O 2 and rebreathed for a specified time period, during which most of the CO is absorbed and bound to circulating hemoglobin. The dilution principle then allows calculation of the total number of circulating hemoglobin molecules based on the number of absorbed CO molecules and the resulting changes in the fraction of carboxyhemoglobin in blood. Total hemoglobin mass is derived by multiplication with the molar weight of hemoglobin. CO rebreathing has been used for >100 yr and has undergone steady improvement so that today excellent values in terms of accuracy and precision can be achieved if the methodological precautions are carefully followed.
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“Mild CO intoxication symptoms (e.g., headache, fatigue) may occur at COHb concentrations >10%, with severe symptoms manifesting at COHb >20–25% (Siebenmann et al., 2017).”
From Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation to increase total hemoglobin mass and endurance performance: scientific evidence and implications (2024) · cites this paper as Siebenmann et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“In research and clinical practice, low-dose CO is utilized as a tracer to assess lung diffusion capacity and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) (Schmidt and Prommer, 2005; Siebenmann et al., 2017; Zavorsky and Smoliga, 2017; Amann, 2012; Robach et al., 2012; Nummela et al., 2021; Saunders et al., 2013).”
From Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation to increase total hemoglobin mass and endurance performance: scientific evidence and implications (2024) · cites this paper as Siebenmann et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“The measurement of tHb by the CO rebreathing technique is a well-established method in exercise science (Siebenmann et al., 2017) and training practice.”
From Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation to increase total hemoglobin mass and endurance performance: scientific evidence and implications (2024) · cites this paper as Siebenmann et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“During CO-rebreathing for tHb-mass determination COHb levels of up to 10% have been reported (Siebenmann et al., 2017);”
From Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation to increase total hemoglobin mass and endurance performance: scientific evidence and implications (2024) · cites this paper as Siebenmann et al., 2017
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Cited by
Gatterer, H., Dünnwald, T., Woyke, S., Faulhaber, M., Schumacher, Y. O., & Schobersberger, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1490205 · Cited by 13
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Tobacco smoking: A stimulus for blood volume expansion
Sotiridis, A., Dardamanis-Aidonas, C., Makris, A., Loukas, I., Geladas, N., & Koskolou, M. (2026) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2025.104505 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Siebenmann, C., Keiser, S., Robach, P., & Lundby, C.
- Affiliations
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
- National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2017-09-01
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 645-654
- ISSN
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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