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Calcium-dependent current generating the afterhyperpolarization of hippocampal neurons
Abstract
A single-electrode voltage-clamp technique was employed on in vitro hippocampal slices to examine the membrane current responsible for the slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in CA1 pyramidal cells. This was achieved by using conventional procedures to evoke an AHP in current clamp, followed rapidly by a switch into voltage clamp (hybrid clamp). The AHP current showed a dependence on extracellular K+, which was close to that predicted for a K+ current by the Nernst equation. The AHP current could be blocked by Cd2+ or norepinephrine. Although the AHP current showed a requirement for voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry, the current did not show any clear intrinsic voltage dependence. Once activated, AHP current is not turned off by hyperpolarizing the membrane potential. The effects of norepinephrine, Cd2+, and tetraethylammonium (TEA) were used to identify an AHP current component to the outward current evoked by depolarizing voltage commands from holding potentials that approximate to the resting potential for these cells. The AHP current can contribute significantly to the outward current during the depolarizing command. Upon repolarization it is evident as a slow outward tail current. This slow tail current had the same time constant as AHP currents evoked by hybrid clamp. Fast components to the tail currents were also observed. These were sensitive to Cd2+ and TEA. They probably represent a voltage-sensitive gKCa, sometimes termed C-current. The strong sensitivity to voltage and TEA displayed by the conventionally described gKCa (IC) are properties inconsistent with the AHP. It seems likely that the AHP current (IAHP) represents a Ca2+-activated K+ current separate from IC and that these two currents coexist in the same cell.
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“AHP currents are mainly mediated by calcium-dependent potassium channels [77, 78], but also partly by calcium-independent potassium channels [79].”
From Chronic unpredictable stress induces depression-related behaviors by suppressing AgRP neuron activity (2021) · cites this paper as [77]
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“The sAHP is found in CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus (Alger and Nicoll, 1980; Hotson and Prince, 1980; Lancaster and Adams, 1986; Pedarzani et al., 1998; Sah, 1996; Sah and Clements, 1999; Schwartzkroin and Stafstrom, 1980), sympathetic neurons of the celiac ganglion (Cassell and McLachlan, 1987), cortical neur…”
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“, 1990), one responsible for the slow afterhyperpolarization, termed I,,, (Pennefather et al., 1985; Lancaster and Adams, 1986) and the M-current (I,) (Brown and Adams, 1980; Halliwell and Adams, 1982; Brown, 1988).”
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“As found in pyramidal cells (Lancaster and Adams 1986), the sAHP clearly increased in amplitude and duration with the number of spikes in the train (data not shown).”
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“…published July 28, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00671.2009. and the fast AHP (fAHP, a few milliseconds) (Faber and Sah 2007) that immediately follows it (Lancaster and Adams 1986; Lancaster and Nicoll 1987; Sah and McLachlan 1992; Storm 1987), whereas activation of SK currents largely generates medium…”
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“The sAHP is generated by Ca influx during the action potentials, and increases strongly with the number of spikes (Lancaster and Adams 1986).”
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“…in pHo reduce and augment, respectively, the Ca2+ influx through highvoltage-activated Ca2+ channels that contributes to the activation of sIAHP (Lancaster & Adams, 1986; Shah & Haylett, 2000); in rat hippocampal neurones, the pHo for 50% Ca2+ channel inhibition (pK) is 7.1–7.2 (Tombaugh &…”
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“The major role of SK channels in the CNS is to contribute to the afterhyperpolarization that follows an action potential and to regulate membrane excitability and firing properties of CNS neurons (Lancaster and Adams 1986; Sah 1996; Sah and Davies 2000; Hosseini et al. 2001; Sah and Faber 2002; Bond et al. 2004; Villa…”
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“The spike trains also evoke a smaller sAHP component generated by Ca2+-gated K+ (KCa) channels (KCa-sAHP), which is readily suppressed by antagonists of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Lancaster & Adams, 1986).”
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“In some neurons, the AHP current is maximal immediatly following a spike, whereas in other neurons this current has a rising phase after the spike (Hirst et al. !985; Pennefather et al. 1985; Lancaster and Adams 1986).”
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“In addition to VGSCs, calcium-gated potassium channels are thought to cause hyperpolarized potentials after depolarization (Lancaster and Adams, 1986; Sah and McLachlan, 1991), and may therefore also contribute to the differential desensitization observed in the two RGC types.”
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“This current is responsible for the spike frequency adaptation observed during high frequency ®ring and also for the following sAHP (Lancaster & Adams, 1986; Storm, 1990).”
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“The mAHP activates within milliseconds and decays with a time constant in the range of hundreds of milliseconds, until the onset of the slow AHP, which is active from one to several seconds (Faber 2009; Lancaster and Adams 1986; Lancaster and Zucker 1994; Matthews et al. 2009).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lancaster, B., & Adams, P. R.
- ORCID
- Adams, P. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1986-06-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1268-1282
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W1876408798
- Cited by
- 547
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS18579)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- afterhyperpolarization, calcium-activated potassium current, CA1 pyramidal neurons, tetraethylammonium sensitivity, cadmium block, norepinephrine, voltage-gated potassium channels
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Calcium, Hippocampus, Ion Channels, Kinetics, Neural Conduction, Synaptic Transmission, Potassium, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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