The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An evaluation of the two-dimensional Gabor filter model of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex
Abstract
1. Using the two-dimensional (2D) spatial and spectral response profiles described in the previous two reports, we test Daugman's generalization of Marcelja's hypothesis that simple receptive fields belong to a class of linear spatial filters analogous to those described by Gabor and referred to here as 2D Gabor filters. 2. In the space domain, we found 2D Gabor filters that fit the 2D spatial response profile of each simple cell in the least-squared error sense (with a simplex algorithm), and we show that the residual error is devoid of spatial structure and statistically indistinguishable from random error. 3. Although a rigorous statistical approach was not possible with our spectral data, we also found a Gabor function that fit the 2D spectral response profile of each simple cell and observed that the residual errors are everywhere small and unstructured. 4. As an assay of spatial linearity in two dimensions, on which the applicability of Gabor theory is dependent, we compare the filter parameters estimated from the independent 2D spatial and spectral measurements described above. Estimates of most parameters from the two domains are highly correlated, indicating that assumptions about spatial linearity are valid. 5. Finally, we show that the functional form of the 2D Gabor filter provides a concise mathematical expression, which incorporates the important spatial characteristics of simple receptive fields demonstrated in the previous two reports. Prominent here are 1) Ca…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There is some evidence that certain cells in the mammalian visual cortex (responsible for the perception of texture) can be approximated by such filters [40]”
From A Survey of Underwater Acoustic Data Classification Methods Using Deep Learning for Shoreline Surveillance (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
Citations
Cites
A Simplex Method for Function Minimization
Nelder, J. A., & Mead, R. (1965) · The Computer Journal · doi:10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308 · Cited by 28,905
Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1962) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837 · Cited by 13,680
Statistical Methods for Research Workers
Fisher, R. A. (1945) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/15.11.552b · Cited by 10,883
Marr, D., & Hildreth, E. (1980) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0020 · Cited by 6,510
Габор, Д. (1946) · Journal of the IEE · Cited by 5,036
Mathematical description of the responses of simple cortical cells*
Marĉelja, S. (1980) · Journal of the Optical Society of America · doi:10.1364/josa.70.001297 · Cited by 1,253
RECEPTIVE FIELDS OF CELLS IN STRIATE CORTEX OF VERY YOUNG, VISUALLY INEXPERIENCED KITTENS
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1963) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1963.26.6.994 · Cited by 1,113
Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 3rd ed.
Kass, G. V., Mood, A. M., Graybill, F. A., & Boes, D. C. (1974) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2286195 · Cited by 975
The two-dimensional spectral structure of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex
Jones, J. P., Stepnoski, A., & Palmer, L. A. (1987) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1987.58.6.1212 · Cited by 735
Self-citationThe visual cortex as a spatial frequency analyser
Maffei, L., & Fiorentini, A. (1973) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(73)90201-0 · Cited by 627
ANALYSIS OF RECEPTIVE FIELDS OF CAT RETINAL GANGLION CELLS
Rodieck, R. W., & Stone, J. (1965) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.5.833 · Cited by 559
Morrone, M. C., Burr, D. C., & Maffei, L. (1982) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1982.0078 · Cited by 421
The spatial selectivity of the visual cells of the cat
Campbell, F. W., Cooper, G. F., & Enroth‐Cugell, C. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008861 · Cited by 392
Gabor's expansion of a signal into Gaussian elementary signals
Bastiaans, M. J. (1980) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1980.11686 · Cited by 333
Spatial Frequency Columns in Primary Visual Cortex
Tootell, R. B. H., Silverman, M. S., & Valois, R. L. D. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7292014 · Cited by 207
Relationship between spatial frequency selectivity and receptive field profile of simple cells.
Andrews, B. W., & Pollen, D. A. (1979) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012652 · Cited by 151
Hypercomplex cells in the cat's striate cortex.
Dreher, B. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 142
Periodicity of striate-cortex-cell receptive fields
Valois, R. L. D., Albrecht, D. G., & Thorell, L. G. (1985) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.2.001115 · Cited by 79
Cortical Cells: Bar and Edge Detectors, or Spatial Frequency Filters?
Valois, R. L. D., Albrecht, D. G., & Thorell, L. G. (1978) · Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-35397-3_49 · Cited by 71
Periodic simple cells in cat area 17
Mullikin, W. H., Jones, J., & Palmer, L. A. (1984) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.2.372 · Cited by 49
Self-citationThe Expansion of an Optical Signal into a Discrete Set of Gaussian Beams
Bastiaans, M. J. (1980) · Informatik-Fachberichte · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67687-1_4 · Cited by 47
silent periodic cells in the cat striate cortex
Kulikowski, J. J., & Bishop, P. O. (1982) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(82)90182-1 · Cited by 24
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deep learning in neural networks: an overview
Schmidhuber, J. (2015) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003 · Cited by 18,570
“They extract simple features related to those observed in early visual pre-processing stages of biological systems (e.g., De Valois, Albrecht, & Thorell, 1982; Jones & Palmer, 1987).”
BackgroundEmergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381607a0 · Cited by 5,694
Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching
Wiskott, L., Fellous, J., Kuiger, N., & von der Malsburg, C. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.598235 · Cited by 2,916
Neuronal Synchrony: A Versatile Code for the Definition of Relations?
Singer, W. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80821-1 · Cited by 2,581
Deep Learning for Remote Sensing Data: A Technical Tutorial on the State of the Art
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., & Du, B. (2016) · IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine · doi:10.1109/mgrs.2016.2540798 · Cited by 2,272
“Following the process of selecting the proposals from the whole image, a simple feature extraction is conducted for each proposal or the whole image to extract the low-level descriptors that are invariant to shift, rotation, and scaling, to some extent, such as SIFT [98], Gabor [99], and the histogram of oriented grad…”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, J. P., & Palmer, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1987-12-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1233-1258
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W1914401667
- Cited by
- 1,658
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 6.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01-EY-04638)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- simple cells, spatial linearity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Mathematics, Models, Neurological, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review