Cited by 988Muscle activation and electromyography studiesMuscle Physiology and DisordersMotor Control and Adaptation

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Models of recruitment and rate coding organization in motor-unit pools.

Fuglevand, A. J., Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E.·1993·Journal of Neurophysiology

DOI 10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2470

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Abstract

1. Isometric muscle force and the surface electromyogram (EMG) were simulated from a model that predicted recruitment and firing times in a pool of 120 motor units under different levels of excitatory drive. The EMG-force relationships that emerged from simulations using various schedules of recruitment and rate coding were compared with those observed experimentally to determine which of the modeled schemes were plausible representations of the actual organization in motor-unit pools. 2. The model was comprised of three elements: a motoneuron model, a motor-unit force model, and a model of the surface EMG. Input to the neuron model was an excitatory drive function representing the net synaptic input to motoneurons during voluntary muscle contractions. Recruitment thresholds were assigned such that many motoneurons had low thresholds and relatively few neurons had high thresholds. Motoneuron firing rate increased as a linear function of excitatory drive between recruitment threshold and peak firing rate levels. The sequence of discharge times for each motoneuron was simulated as a random renewal process. 3. Motor-unit twitch force was estimated as an impulse response of a critically damped, second-order system. Twitch amplitudes were assigned according to rank in the recruitment order, and twitch contraction times were inversely related to twitch amplitude. Nonlinear force-firing rate behavior was simulated by varying motor-unit force gain as a function of the instantaneous firing rate and the contraction time of the unit. The total force exerted by the muscle was computed as the sum of the motor-unit forces. 4. Motor-unit action potentials were simulated on the basis of estimates of the number and location of motor-unit muscle fibers and the propagation velocity of the fiber action potentials. The number of fibers innervated by each unit was assumed to be directly proportional to the twitch force. The area of muscle encompassing unit fibers was proportional to the number of fibers innervated, and the location of motor-unit territories were randomly assigned within the muscle cross section. Action-potential propagation velocities were estimated from an inverse function of contraction time. The train of discharge times predicted from the motoneuron model determined the occurrence of each motor-unit action potential. The surface EMG was synthesized as the sum of all motor-unit action-potential trains. 5. Two recruitment conditions were tested: narrow (limit of recruitment < 50% maximum excitation) and broad recruitment range conditions (limit of recruitment > 70% maximum excitation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“The Gaussian cumulative distribution function proposed by Fuglevand et al. [66] models the α -motoneuron pool [40,42,52,55] as an input-output relationship.”
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“Simulation and user specified parameters and functions are defined using several Excel® or text documents.”
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“For the Strategy 2, the recruitment thresholds (RTi) of the ith MU is modeled as an exponential in the form (Fuglevand et al. 1993): RTi ¼ eðln RR=NÞi; ð2Þ where RR is the range of recruitment threshold desired, which is set to be 80% MVC, N is the total number of MUs, and i is an index identifying…”
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“The columns of the extended and whitened mixing matrix ˜ h ul are given by ˜ h ul = V ˜ H : , u (: , l ) = V [ h 1 u ( l + R − 1 ) , ... , h 1 u ( l ) , ... , h Mu ( l + R − 1 ) , ... , h Mu ( l )] T , (A.2) with 0 ⩽ l ⩽ L + R − 1.”
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Authors: Fuglevand, A. J., Winter, D. A., & Patla, A. E.
Affiliations: University of Waterloo (CA)
ORCID: Fuglevand, A. J.
Winter, D. A.
Venue: Journal of Neurophysiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1993-12-01
Volume: 70
Issue: 6
Pages: 2470-2488
ISSN: 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
1522-1598
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2470
OpenAlex: W1809394698
Cited by: 988
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 4.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords: motor unit recruitment, rate coding, surface electromyogram, EMG-force relationship, motor unit action potentials, action potential propagation velocity, recruitment threshold, motor unit territory, isometric force, voluntary muscle contraction
MeSH terms: Animals, Computer Simulation, Electromyography, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Models, Neurological, Motor Neurons, Muscles, Synaptic Transmission, Muscle Spindles, Recruitment, Neurophysiological

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Models of recruitment and rate coding organization in motor-unit pools.

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