Prolonged Sleep Restriction Affects Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Men
Open accessAbstract
This study identifies the effects of sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep on glucose homeostasis, serum leptin levels, and feelings of subjective satiety. Twenty-three healthy young men were allocated to a control group (CON) or an experimental (EXP) group. After two nights of 8 h in bed (baseline, BL), EXP spent 4 h in bed for five days (sleep restriction, SR), followed by two nights of 8 h (recovery, REC). CON spent 8 h in bed throughout the study. Blood samples were taken after the BL, SR, and REC period. In EXP, insulin and insulin-to-glucose ratio increased after SR. IGF-1 levels increased after REC. Leptin levels were elevated after both SR and REC; subjective satiety remained unaffected. No changes were observed in CON. The observed increase of serum IGF-1 and insulin-to-glucose ratio indicates that sleep restriction may result in an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes.
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Subsequent studies have found that insulin increases with sleep restriction, particularly after breakfast.
“Early studies reported little change in circulating insulin with sleep restriction [18], [22], but subsequent studies have found that insulin increases [15], [16], [20], particularly after breakfast [16].”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [20]
The Results (§3.2) report that insulin increased after sleep restriction in healthy young men. But Hormonal Measurements (§2.3) says blood was sampled before breakfast, not after it, so this source does not support the breakfast-specific part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSubsequent studies have not consistently confirmed earlier findings on leptin and sleep restriction.
“Subsequent studies have not consistently confirmed these earlier findings [20], [29]–[34], possibly due to differences in experimental protocols, including whether subjects were kept in the laboratory for the duration of the study period or allowed to leave during the day [18], [19], [21]; ad libitum [29] versus controlled [35] versus restricted food intake [17]; use of glucose tolerance tests in”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [20]
Saliva cortisol was assessed 10 times per day during the experiment, and only a modest, 16 min on average, delay in the circadian phase measured by the morning peak of cortisol was observed in the sleep-deprived cases.
“Saliva cortisol was assessed 10 times per day during the experiment, and only a modest, 16 min on average, delay in the circadian phase measured by the morning peak of cortisol (from mean ± s.d. 07:39 ± 0:14 in BL to 07:55 ± 0:11 in SR) was observed in the sleep-deprived cases75.”
From Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
Two studies reported only a decrease in insulin sensitivity, with apparent preservation of glucose tolerance.
“Two other studies [41, 194] reported only a decrease in SI, with apparent preservation of glucose tolerance.”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [194]
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References 45 · Cited by 102
- Authors
- van Leeuwen, W. M. A., Hublin, C., Sallinen, M., Härmä, M., Hirvonen, A., & Porkka-Heiskanen, T.
- Affiliations
- Brain and Work Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FI)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Venue
- International Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 2010
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 1687-8337 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-8345
- PMC
- PMC2857625
- OpenAlex
- W2041904172
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Finnish Work Environment Fund (104073, 108203)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, glucose homeostasis, insulin/glucose ratio, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, recovery sleep, type 2 diabetes risk, insulin resistance
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