The acute effects of swimming on appetite, food intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin
Open accessAbstract
Swimming may stimulate appetite and food intake but empirical data are lacking. This study examined appetite, food intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin responses to swimming. Fourteen healthy males completed a swimming trial and a control trial in a random order. Sixty min after breakfast participants swam for 60 min and then rested for six hours. Participants rested throughout the control trial. During trials appetite was measured at 30 min intervals and acylated ghrelin was assessed periodically (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7.5 h. ). Appetite was suppressed during exercise before increasing in the hours after. Acylated ghrelin was suppressed during exercise. Swimming did not alter energy or macronutrient intake assessed at buffet meals (total trial energy intake: control 9161 kJ, swimming 9749 kJ). These findings suggest that swimming stimulates appetite but indicate that acylated ghrelin and food intake are resistant to change in the hours afterwards.
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King et al. (2011) reported that AG was suppressed during swimming compared to control, but the effect was short-lived with concentrations returning to control values 1 h after exercise.
“The authors reported that AG was suppressed during swimming compared to control, but the effect was short-lived with concentrations returning to control values 1 h after exercise.”
From Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as King et al. (2011)
Hunger was suppressed during and immediately after swimming in the study by King et al. (2011).
“and during and immediately after swimming in the study by King et al. (2011).”
From Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as King et al. (2011)
Participants rated themselves hungrier in the hours after swimming versus control in studies by King et al. (2011) and Thackray et al. (2020).
“However, participants rated themselves hungrier in the hours after swimming versus control in studies by King et al. (2011) and Thackray et al. (2020)”
From Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as King et al. (2011)
Five included studies measured ratings of hunger in response to water-based exercise versus control.
“Five of the included studies measured ratings of hunger in response to water-based exercise versus control (King et al., 2011;Metz et al., 2021aMetz et al., , 2021bMetz et al., , 2021c;;Thackray et al., 2020).”
From Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as King et al., 2011
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References 32 · Cited by 97
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- Authors
- King, J. A., Wasse, L. K., & Stensel, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stensel, David J.
- Venue
- Journal of Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 2011
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0716
- PMC
- PMC2952805
- OpenAlex
- W2056085062
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- swimming, appetite, dietary intake, acylated ghrelin, physical activity, energy intake, macronutrient intake
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