Immune Development and Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease
Open accessAbstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. The etiology of this disorder is complex, involving both environmental and genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is represented by HLA-DQ genes, which account for approximately 40% of the genetic risk; however, only a small percentage of carriers develop the disease. Gluten is the main environmental factor responsible for the signs and symptoms of the disease, but exposure to gluten does not fully explain the manifestation of CD. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that environmental factors other than gluten might play a role in disease development, including early feeding practices (e.g., breast milk versus formula and duration of breastfeeding), infections, and alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition. Herein, we review what is known about the influence of dietary factors, exposure to infectious agents, and intestinal microbiota composition, particularly in early life, on the risk of developing CD, as well as the possible dietary strategies to induce or increase gluten tolerance.
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Alterations in the gut microbiome may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease.
“Alterations in the gut microbiome may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of CD,46”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [46]
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References 114 · Cited by 82
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [95]Mowat AM Faria AM Weiner HL Mestecky J Bienenstock J Lamm ME Oral tolerance: basic mechanisms and clinical implications Mucosal Immunologyeds 2005 San Diego, Calif, USA Academic Press 487 538
- Authors
- Pozo-Rubio, T., Olivares, M., Nova, E., De Palma, G., Mujico, J. R., Ferrer, M. D., Marcos, A., & Sanz, Y.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino, 7. Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Sanz, Yolanda
- Venue
- Clinical and Developmental Immunology
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 1740-2522 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-2530
- PMC
- PMC3447214
- OpenAlex
- W2024217238
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical and Developmental Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2011-25169, CSD2007-00063)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Keywords
- celiac disease, immune system development, gut microbiota, gluten, HLA-DQ, genetic susceptibility, environmental risk factors, breastfeeding, early feeding practices, infection, gluten tolerance, nutritional strategies, enteropathy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Celiac Disease, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Intestines, Risk Factors, Metagenome
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