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C-Reactive Protein: Clinical and Epidemiological Perspectives
Open accessAbstract
An important etiopathogenic component of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis, with inflammation being an essential event in the pathophysiology of all clinical pictures it comprises. In recent years, several molecules implicated in this process have been studied in order to assess cardiovascular risk in both primary and secondary prevention. C-reactive protein is a plasmatic protein of the pentraxin family and an acute phase reactant, very useful as a general inflammation marker. Currently, it is one of the most profoundly researched molecules in the cardiovascular field, yet its clinical applicability regarding cardiovascular risk remains an object of discussion, considered by some as a simple marker and by others as a true risk factor. In this sense, numerous studies propose its utilization as a predictor of cardiovascular risk through the use of high-sensitivity quantification methods for the detection of values <1 mg/L, following strict international guidelines. Increasing interest in these clinical findings has led to the creation of modified score systems including C-reactive protein concentrations, in order to enhance risk scores commonly used in clinical practice and offer improved care to patients with cardiovascular disease, which remains the first cause of mortality at the worldwide, national, and regional scenarios.
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![Figure 1 Use of high-sensitivity CRP levels for the stratification of cardiovascular risk (primary prevention) and as a prognostic factor in acute coronary syndrome (secondary prevention) [69, 70].](/paper-figures/504a4c8b90e34a71a1ebdcfceef757ef/c-reactive-protein-clinical-and-epidemiological-perspectives-figure-1.jpg)

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“A 50% reduction in CVD risk has been documented when lowering CRP from 1 to 3 mg/L to less than 1 mg/L (Salazar et al., 2014).”
From Treatment of periodontitis and C ‐reactive protein: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as Salazar et al., 2014
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Metadata
- Authors
- Salazar, J., Martínez, M. S., Chávez, M., Toledo, A., Añez, R., Torres, Y., Apruzzese, V., Silva, C., Rojas, J., & Bermúdez, V.
- Affiliations
- Universidad del Zulia (VE)
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, “Dr. Félix Gómez”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela
- Corresponding author
- Bermúdez, Valmore
- Venue
- Cardiology Research and Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 2014
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 2090-0597 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-8016
- PMC
- PMC3932642
- OpenAlex
- W1991015084
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cardiology Research and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis, inflammation, acute phase proteins, pentraxins, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk prediction, risk score, cardiovascular disease prevention
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