Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Pregnancy: The Global Challenge of Preventing Adverse Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia
Open accessAbstract
Screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy represents an overlooked opportunity to improve the health outcomes of women and infants worldwide. Although Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common treatable bacterial STI, few countries have routine pregnancy screening and treatment programs. We reviewed the current literature surrounding Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy, particularly focusing on countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. We discuss possible chlamydial adverse pregnancy and infant health outcomes (miscarriage, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy, preterm birth, neonatal conjunctivitis, neonatal pneumonia, and other potential effects including HIV perinatal transmission) and review studies of chlamydial screening and treatment in pregnancy, while simultaneously highlighting research from resource-limited countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
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Genital infection with T. vaginalis or rectal or genital infection with C. trachomatis among young children might be the result of perinatally acquired infection and has, in certain cases of chlamydial infection, persisted for as long as 2-3 years.
“For example, genital infection with T. vaginalis (1442) or rectal or genital infection with C. trachomatis among young children might be the result of perinatally acquired infection and has, in certain cases of chlamydial infection, persisted for as long as 2–3 years (1443–1445), although perinatal chlamydial infection is now uncommon because of prenatal screening and treatment of pregnant women.”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1444]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCurrently, no non-treponemal RDTs have WHO prequalification, either alone or in combination with treponemal or other diagnostic tests.
“Currently, no non-treponemal RDTs have WHO prequalification, either alone or in combination with treponemal or other diagnostic tests.”
From Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Section 4.2 discusses point-of-care tests for chlamydia and mentions syphilis screening, but does not address WHO prequalification of non-treponemal rapid diagnostic tests. Searches for non-treponemal RDTs, WHO prequalification, and combined treponemal tests found no passage supporting the claim. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSeveral treponemal RDTs, single or in combination with HIV in the same device (dual syphilis/HIV RDTs), are available on the global market, and some are quality assured as they have received WHO prequalification status.
“Several treponemal RDTs, single or in combination with HIV in the same device (dual syphilis/HIV RDTs), are available on the global market, and some are quality assured as they have received WHO prequalification status.”
From Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Section 4.2 discusses antenatal syphilis and HIV screening, but its discussion of available point-of-care tests concerns chlamydia. Searches for treponemal and dual syphilis/HIV rapid tests and WHO prequalification found no passage addressing their market availability or quality-assured status. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 224 · Cited by 118
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [115]Novikova N. Chlamydial and other foetal infections in miscarriage Proceedings of the Infections in Gynaecology and Perinatology 2000 Simrishamn, Sweden
- [165]Adachi K. Bristow C. Nielsen-Saines K. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in HIV-infected pregnant women and infant HIV transmission in NICHD HPTN 040 Proceedings of the Pediatric Academic Societies and Asian Society for Pediatric Research Joint Meeting May 2014 Vancouver, Canada Abstract # 754433
- [190]Bell T. A. Sandstorm I. K. Eschenbach D. A. Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis in Pregnancy with Amoxicillin 1982 Elsevier Biomedical Press
- Authors
- Adachi, K., Nielsen-Saines, K., & Klausner, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Corresponding author
- Adachi, Kristina
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 2016
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6133
- 2314-6141
- PMC
- PMC4837252
- OpenAlex
- W2323907900
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 224
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- Chlamydia trachomatis, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, stillbirth, preterm birth, neonatal conjunctivitis, neonatal pneumonia, resource-limited settings, sub-Saharan Africa, Asia
- MeSH terms
- Asia, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pregnancy Outcome, Global Health, Prevalence, Survival Rate, Africa South of the Sahara, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Risk Assessment
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