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Marked Disparities in Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Overweight Prevalence among US Women by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity/Immigrant Status, and Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2012–2014
Open accessAbstract
This study examines racial/ethnic, nativity, and sociodemographic disparities in the prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight in the United States. Logistic regression was fitted to the 2012–2014 national birth cohort data to derive unadjusted and adjusted differentials in pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI ≥30), severe obesity (BMI ≥40), and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25) prevalence among 10.4 million US women of childbearing age. Substantial racial/ethnic differences existed, with pre-pregnancy obesity rates ranging from 2.6% for Chinese and 3.3% for Vietnamese women to 34.9% for American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIANs) and 60.2% for Samoans. Pre-pregnancy overweight/obese prevalence ranged from 13.6% for Chinese women to 61.7% for AIANs and 86.3% for Samoans. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, women in all Asian subgroups had markedly lower risks of pre-pregnancy obesity, severe obesity, and overweight/obesity, whereas Samoans, Hawaiians, AIANs, blacks, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central/South Americans had significantly higher risks. Immigrant women in each racial/ethnic group had lower rates of pre-pregnancy obesity than the US-born. Sociodemographic risk factors accounted for 33–47% of racial/ethnic disparities and 12–16% of ethnic-immigrant disparities in pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight/obesity. Further research is needed to assess the effects of diet, physical inactivity, and social environments in explaining the reported ethnic and nativity differences in pre-pregnancy obesity.
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The prevalence of both overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age is increasing substantially in most countries.
“Since the prevalence of both overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age is increasing substantially in most countries (between 30% in some European countries and nearly 50% in the USA), it is to be expected that a further growing number of women of reproductive age will be treated with GLP1-RA.2–4”
From Use of GLP1 receptor agonists in early pregnancy and reproductive safety: a multicentre, observational, prospective cohort study based on the databases of six Teratology Information Services (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
The Introduction reports substantial increases in obesity and combined overweight/obesity among US women aged 18–49. The paper does not establish that prevalence is increasing in most countries or provide the cited European figure; its data concern US women. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Braveman, P., Dominguez, T. P., Burke, W., Dolan, S. M., Stevenson, D. K., Jackson, F. M., Collins, J. W., Driscoll, D. A., Haley, T., Acker, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2021.684207 · Cited by 189
Boakye, E., Kwapong, Y. A., Obisesan, O., Ogunwole, S. M., Hays, A. G., Nasir, K., Blumenthal, R. S., Douglas, P. S., Blaha, M. J., Hong, X., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39564 · Cited by 69
Dao, K., Shechtman, S., Weber-Schoendorfer, C., Diav-Citrin, O., Murad, R. H., Berlin, M., Hazan, A., Richardson, J. L., Eleftheriou, G., Rousson, V., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083550 · Cited by 110
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, G. K., & DiBari, J. N.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Gopal K.
- Venue
- Journal of Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-02-10
- Volume
- 2019
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0716
- PMC
- PMC6387712
- OpenAlex
- W2913799154
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 12.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- pre-pregnancy obesity, pre-pregnancy overweight, racial and ethnic disparities, nativity, immigrant status, morbid obesity, body mass index, sociodemographic risk factors, women of reproductive age, birth cohort, Asian subgroups, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Pacific Islanders, Hispanic women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ethnicity, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Obesity, United States, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Overweight, Emigrants and Immigrants, Health Status Disparities
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