Antiprolactinoma Effect of Hordenine by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathway Activation in Rats
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Prolactinomas are harmful to human health, and the clinical first‐line treatment drug is bromocriptine. However, 20% prolactinomas patients did not respond to bromocriptine. Hordenine is an alkaloid separated from Fructus Hordei Germinatus, which showed significant antihyperprolactinemia activity in rats. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of hordenine on prolactinomas in rats. The study used estradiol to induce prolactinomas, which caused the activation of the pituitary mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in rats significantly. The treatment of hordenine restored estradiol, induced the overgrowth of pituitary gland, and reduced the prolactin (PRL) accumulation in the serum and pituitary gland of rats by blocking the MAPK (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) activation and production of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1 β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The antiprolactinoma effect of hordenine was mediated by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway activation in rats.
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Hordenine reduced pituitary gland volume in prolactinoma-induced rats at 38.2 mg/kg comparably to bromocriptine.
“Hordenine-treated rats saw a reduction in pituitary gland volume that was comparable to bromocriptine when administered with 38.2 mg/kg of hordenine.”
From Exploring the Lesser-Known Bioactive Natural Products of Plant Species of the Genus Cannabis L.: Alkaloids, Phenolic Compounds, and Their Therapeutic Potential (2025) · cites this paper as [95]
Section 3.1 reports that 38.2 mg/kg hordenine reduced pituitary-gland overgrowth in estradiol-treated rats and that bromocriptine also reduced it. It does not report that the reductions were comparable in magnitude or provide a direct comparison between those groups. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHordenine at 76.4 and 152.8 mg/kg reduced pituitary gland volume more than bromocriptine in prolactinoma-induced rats.
“Rats treated with 76.4 mg/kg and 152.8 mg/kg of hordenine saw an even greater reduction in the volume of their pituitary gland than with bromocriptine.”
From Exploring the Lesser-Known Bioactive Natural Products of Plant Species of the Genus Cannabis L.: Alkaloids, Phenolic Compounds, and Their Therapeutic Potential (2025) · cites this paper as [95]
Results §3.1 reports that hordenine at 76.4 and 152.8 mg/kg reduced pituitary-gland overgrowth in estradiol-induced rats, and that bromocriptine also inhibited it. It does not report that either hordenine dose produced a greater reduction than bromocriptine; the separate P values do not establish that comparison. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAll tested concentrations of hordenine reduced prolactin serum levels in prolactinoma-induced rats, but less than bromocriptine.
“All tested concentrations of hordenine reduced prolactin serum levels, but less than bromocriptine.”
From Exploring the Lesser-Known Bioactive Natural Products of Plant Species of the Genus Cannabis L.: Alkaloids, Phenolic Compounds, and Their Therapeutic Potential (2025) · cites this paper as [95]
Section 3.2 reports that all three tested hordenine doses lowered serum prolactin in estradiol-induced rats. It also reports a reduction with bromocriptine, but does not establish that hordenine’s reduction was smaller; the reported P values are not a direct comparison between treatments. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHordenine lessens effects of prolactinoma through MAPK regulation by lowering p-p38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK protein expression and diminishing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production.
“They concluded that hordenine seems to lessen the effects of prolactinoma through MAPK regulation, by lowering p-p38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK protein expression, and diminishing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production [95].”
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- Authors
- Wang, X., Guo, R.-Z., Ma, L., Ding, Q.-Y., Meng, J.-H., Chen, Y.-G., & Wu, J.-H.
- Affiliations
- Wuhan University (CN)
- Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital (CN)
- Venue
- Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 2020
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3107290-3107290
- ISSN
- 1741-427X (ISSN-L)
- 1741-4288
- PMC
- PMC7195642
- OpenAlex
- W3018060468
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603352)
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2017CFB125)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Keywords
- hordenine, prolactinoma, MAPK signaling, bromocriptine resistance, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin-6, prolactin
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