Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 10

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Assessment of Safety, Effects, and Muscle-Specific Accumulation of Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Paralichthys olivaceus

Lee, Seunghan, Kim, Min-Gi, Hur, Sang-Woo, Katya, Kumar, Kim, Kang-Woong, Lee, Bong-Joo·2023·Aquaculture Nutrition
DOI 10.1155/2023/1381923PMC PMC9973148
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a commonly used antioxidant added to animal/fish feed to limit lipid autoxidation and peroxidation. Although there have been reviews and reports of BHT toxicity in animals, limited information is available with respect to the toxic effects and accumulation of BHT due to oral exposure in aquaculture species. Therefore, 120 days of feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary BHT on the marine fish olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Graded levels of BHT were added to the basal diet in increments of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg BHT/kg, corresponding to 0 (BHT0), 11 (BHT11), 19 (BHT19), 35 (BHT35), 85 (BHT85), and 121 (BHT121) mg BHT/kg diets, respectively. Fish with an average weight of 77.5 ± 0.3 g ( mean ± SD ) were fed one of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. Growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate were not significantly affected by the dietary BHT levels among all experimental groups, whereas BHT concentration in the muscle tissue was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner up to 60 days of the experimental period. Thereafter, BHT accumulation in muscle tissue showed a declining trend among all treatment groups. Furthermore, the whole-body proximate composition, nonspecific immune responses, and hematological parameters (except triglycerides) were not significantly influenced by the dietary levels of BHT. Blood triglyceride content was significantly higher in fish fed the BHT-free diet compared to all other treatment groups. Thus, this study demonstrates that dietary BHT (up to 121 mg/kg) is a safe and effective antioxidant without exhibiting any adverse effects on the growth performance, body composition, and immune responses in the marine fish olive flounder, P. olivaceus.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1155/2023/1381923

Cites

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Muscle-specific BHT content according to BHT intake over a 120-day growth trial in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Values are means from triplicate groups of fish, and the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).
Figure 1 Muscle-specific BHT content according to BHT intake over a 120-day growth trial in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Values are means from triplicate groups of fish, and the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Muscle-specific BHT accumulation in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed experimental diets over a 120-day growth trial. Values are means from triplicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).
Figure 2 Muscle-specific BHT accumulation in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed experimental diets over a 120-day growth trial. Values are means from triplicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 50

  1. 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2004.00552.x · DOI
  2. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.131 · DOI
  3. 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00174-X · DOI
  4. 10.1021/bk-1992-0506.ch017 · DOI
  5. 10.4027/isscp.2008.04 · DOI
  6. 10.1007/s10499-012-9586-5 · DOI
  7. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.042 · DOI
  8. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.127 · DOI
  9. 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00389.x · DOI
  10. 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.026 · DOI
  11. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.076 · DOI
  12. 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00172-7 · DOI
  13. 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00025-5 · DOI
  14. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.008 · DOI
  15. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb14817.x · DOI
  16. 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90264-L · DOI
  17. 10.1021/jf070418h · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00085-X · DOI
  19. 10.1016/S0165-7836(03)00067-5 · DOI
  20. 10.1093/jn/112.8.1590 · DOI
  21. 10.1080/19440049.2010.508195 · DOI
  22. International Life Sciences Institute, 1984, Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). A Monograph
  23. 10.1080/10498850.2012.720652 · DOI
  24. 10.1016/j.etp.2005.10.001 · DOI
  25. 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90643-9 · DOI
  26. 10.1007/BF00334616 · DOI
  27. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113624 · DOI
  28. KOSIS, 2021, Fisheries Production in Korea
  29. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738432 · DOI
  30. 10.1111/jwas.12804 · DOI
  31. 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115367 · DOI
  32. AOAC, 2000, Official Methods of Analysis International
  33. 10.1021/jf8025524 · DOI
  34. 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.054 · DOI
  35. 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00366.x · DOI
  36. 10.1007/s10499-012-9538-0 · DOI
  37. International Maritime Organisation (IMO), 2003, Review of the BC code, including evaluation of properties of solid bulk cargoes
  38. 10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00113-X · DOI
  39. 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.12.024 · DOI
  40. 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80192-0 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.021 · DOI
  42. 10.5657/FAS.2013.0149 · DOI
  43. 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.021 · DOI
  44. 10.1007/s10126-010-9279-x · DOI
  45. 10.1111/anu.12641 · DOI
  46. 10.1111/are.13749 · DOI
  47. A. F. Elgazar, 2013, Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats, World Applied Sciences Journal, 22, 63
  48. L. L. Yu, 2016, Tolerance evaluation of butyl- hydroxyanisole in diets of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 28, 747
  49. 10.1016/0300-9629(85)90923-5 · DOI
  50. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.03.033 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Lee, S., Kim, M.-G., Hur, S.-W., Katya, K., Kim, K.-W., & Lee, B.-J.
Affiliations
  • Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
  • Malaysian Aquaponics Research Center, Semenyih, Kuala Lumpur 43500, Malaysia
  • Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
ORCID
Venue
Aquaculture Nutrition
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-02-02
Volume
2023
Pages
1-8
ISSN
  • 1365-2095
  • 1353-5773
DOI
10.1155/2023/1381923
PMC
PMC9973148
Cited by
10
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Funders
National Institute of Fisheries Science (R2023036)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.