CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 9Geotechnical Engineering and Soil StabilizationGeotechnical and construction materials studiesMaterials Engineering and Processing

Amelioration Effect of Fly Ash and Powdered Ground Steel Slag for Improving Expansive Subgrade Soil

Open access
Alemshet, Dereje, Fayissa, Basha, Geremew, Anteneh, Chala, Gelata·2023·Journal of Engineering
DOI 10.1155/2023/1652373
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The utilization of fly ash (FA) and powdered granulated steel slag (PGSS) as additives in soil stabilization plays a crucial role in environmental, economic, and weak soil property improving advantages. In this study, the combined effect of FA and PGSS in improving expansive subgrade soil was investigated. The materials used for this study were expansive soils, FA, and PGSS. The study has applied an experimental research method. For this investigation, the index properties, Free Swell Index (FSI), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), optimum moisture content (OMC), California bearing ratio (CBR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were done for treated and untreated expansive soils. The findings indicated that as the mixture of FA (0 to 12.5% at 5% increment) and PGSS (0 to 25% at 5% at 2.5% increment) is added to the untreated expansive soils, the index properties, FSI, and OMC of the soils were significantly declined. The CBR values of expansive soils containing 20% FA and 10% PGSS mixture were 13.8% and 16.21%, respectively, which improved the quality of the soils by 85.43% and 84.82%, respectively. While the untreated expansive soils have a UCS value of 0.34 kg/cm2, the treated soil comprising 20% FA and 10% PGSS mixture has a UCS value of 13.42 kg/cm2, indicating that the soil strength is enhanced by 97.47%. The results of the studies demonstrate that adding FA and PGSS to expansive soil improves its stability and strength. The study concluded that disposals such as FA and PGSS might be effectively used in enhancing the characteristics of construction materials and used for the construction.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1155/2023/1652373

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 54

  1. A. Jemal, E. C. Agon, and A. Geremew, "Utilization of crushed stone dust as a stabilizer for sub grade soil: a case study in jimma town," International Journal of Engineering, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 55-64, 2019.
  2. M. Fentaw, E. Alemayehu, and A. Geremew, "Experimental study of stabilization of expansive soil using the mixture of marble dust, rice husk ash and cement for sub-grade road construction: a case study of woldia town," Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 141- 159, 2021.
  3. A. Geremew and B. Fayissa, "Experimental performance studies on the improved expansive subgrade soil formation by using mechanical stabilization with natural gravel around jimma quarry sites," American Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 154-161, 2018.
  4. R. T. Mesfun, E. T. Quezon, and A. Geremew, "Experimental study of stabilized expansive soil using pumice mixed with lime for subgrade road construction," Int. J. Res. -GRAN- THAALAYAH, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 118-124, 2019.
  5. A. K. Sharma and P. V. Sivapullaiah, "Ground granulated blast furnace slag amended fy ash as an expansive soil sta- bilizer," Soils and Foundations, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 205-212, 2016.
  6. A. Geremew, T. Quezon, and G. Kebede, "Infuence of sub- surface courses materials on pavement performance: a case study in yebu-agaro road," International Journal of Scientifc Engineering and Research, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1252-1260, 2016, [Online], Available: http://www.ijser.org.
  7. A. A. Firoozi, C. Guney Olgun, A. A. Firoozi, and M. S. Baghini, "Fundamentals of soil stabilization," In- ternational Journal of Geo-Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 26-16, 2017.
  8. G. S. Utami, "Clay soil stabilization with lime efect the value CBR and swelling," ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci.,vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1744-1748, 2014.
  9. H. Baloochi, D. Aponte, and M. Barra, "Soil stabilization using waste paper fy ash: precautions for its correct use," Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 23, pp. 8750-8815, 2020.
  10. S. Mishra, S. N. Sachdeva, and R. Manocha, "Subgrade soil stabilization using stone dust and coarse aggregate: a cost efective approach," International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 20-11, 2019.
  11. C. Neeladharan, M. Anbarasan, and K. Mohan, "Stabilization of soil using Fly ash with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binder," Suraj Punj J. Multidiscip. Res.,vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 23-29, 2019.
  12. S. Amulya, A. U. Ravi Shankar, and M. Praveen, "Stabilisation of lithomargic clay using alkali activated fy ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag," International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1114-1121, 2020.
  13. P. Sihag, M. Suthar, and S. Mohanty, "Estimation of UCS-ft of dispersive soil stabilized with fy ash, cement clinker and GGBS by artifcial intelligence," Iran. J. Sci. Technol. -Trans. Civ. Eng.,vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 901-912, 2021.
  14. F. K. Ghafoori and M. M. Arbili, "Efects of fy ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag on stabilization of crude oil contamination sandy soil," Polytechnic Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 80-85, 2019.
  15. H. Miraki, N. Shariatmadari, P. Ghadir, S. Jahandari, Z. Tao, and R. Siddique, "Clayey soil stabilization using alkali- activated volcanic ash and slag," Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 576-591, 2022.
  16. O. G. Dinka, E. C. Agon, and A. Geremew, "Performance studies on subgrade formation using lime and cement in road projects," Appl. J. Environ. Eng. Sci.,vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 420-436, 2019, [Online], Available: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/338330985_Performance_Studies_on_Subgrade_ Formation_Using_Lime_and_Cement_in_Road_Projects.
  17. R. Siddique, "Utilization of industrial by-products in con- crete," Procedia Engineering, vol. 95, pp. 335-347, 2014.
  18. P. Duxson, A. Fernández-Jiménez, J. L. Provis, G. C. Lukey, A. Palomo, and J. S. J. Van Deventer, "Geopolymer tech- nology: the current state of the art," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 2917-2933, 2007.
  19. H. N. Hamzah, M. M. Al Bakri Abdullah, H. Cheng Yong, M. R. R. Arif Zainol, and K. Hussin, "Review of soil stabi- lization techniques: geopolymerization method one of the new technique," Key Engineering Materials, vol. 660, pp. 298-304, 2015.
  20. B. Singhi, A. I. Laskar, and M. A. Ahmed, "Investigation on soil-geopolymer with slag, fy ash and their blending," Ara- bian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 393-400, 2016.
  21. H. Javdanian, "Te efect of geopolymerization on the un- confned compressive strength of stabilized fne-grained soils," Int. J. Eng. Trans. B Appl.,vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1673- 1680, 2017.
  22. S. Sukprasert, M. Hoy, S. Horpibulsuk, A. Arulrajah, A. S. A. Rashid, and R. Nazir, "Fly ash based geopolymer stabilisation of silty clay/blast furnace slag for subgrade ap- plications," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 357-371, 2021.
  23. V. Noolu, G. Mallikarjuna Rao, B. Sudheer Kumar Reddy, and R. V. P. Chavali, "Strength and durability characteristics of GGBS geopolymer stabilized black cotton soil," Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 43, pp. 2373-2376, 2021.
  24. R. Samuel, A. J. Puppala, A. Banerjee, O. Huang, M. Radovic, and S. Chakraborty, "Improvement of strength and volume- change properties of expansive clays with geopolymer treatment," Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, vol. 2675, no. 9, pp. 308-320, 2021.
  25. N. Hanegbi and I. Katra, "A clay-based geopolymer in loess soil stabilization," Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 2608- 2617, 2020.
  26. R. K. Sharma and G. Verma, Efect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Fly Ash on Geotechnical Properties of Ex- pansive Soil, Springer International Publishing, Berlin, Ger- many, 2021.
  27. M. A. Shahin, M. L. Walske, A. Karrech, and H. H. Abdullah, "Systematic approach to assessing the applicability of fy-ash based geopolymer for clay stabilization 3 4 hayder H," Ca- nadian Geotechnical Journal, pp. 1-45, 2019, [Online], Available: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com.
  28. S. Alam, S. K. Das, and B. H. Rao, "Strength and durability characteristic of alkali activated GGBS stabilized red mud as geo-material," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 211, pp. 932-942, 2019.
  29. R. Tirumalai, S. S. Babu, V. Naveennayak, R. Nirmal, and G. Lokesh, "A review on stabilization of expansive soil using industrial solid wastes," Engineering, vol. 09, no. 12, pp. 1008-1017, 2017.
  30. J. Dayalan, "Comparative study on stabilization of soil with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fy ash," Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol.,vol. 03, pp. 2395-2456, 2016.
  31. O. Tr and T. V. Preethi, "Efect of stabilization using fyash and GGBS in soil characteristics," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 284-289, 2014.
  32. A. K. Sharma and P. V. Sivapullaiah, "Ground granulated blast furnace slag amended fy ash as an expansive soil sta- bilizer," Soils and Foundations, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 205-212, 2016.
  33. M. Simatupang, L. K. Mangalla, R. S. Edwin et al., "Te mechanical properties of fy-ash-stabilized sands," Geo- sciences, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 132-219, 2020.
  34. M. J. McCarthy and T. D. Dyer, "Pozzolanas and pozzolanic materials," Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 5th edition, 2019.
  35. A. Arulrajah, J. Piratheepan, M. M. Disfani, and M. W. Bo, "Geotechnical and geoenvironmental properties of recycled construction and demolition materials in pavement subbase applications," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1077-1088, 2013.
  36. A. Arulrajah, M. M. Disfani, S. Horpibulsuk, C. Suksiripattanapong, and N. Prongmanee, "Physical properties and shear strength responses of recycled con- struction and demolition materials in unbound pavement base/subbase applications," Construction and Building Ma- terials, vol. 58, pp. 245-257, 2014.
  37. A. Mohammadinia, A. Arulrajah, J. Sanjayan, M. M. Disfani, M. W. Bo, and S. Darmawan, "Laboratory evaluation of the use of cement-treated construction and demolition materials in pavement base and subbase applications," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1-13, 2015.
  38. A. F. Cabalar, O. A. A. Zardikawi, and M. D. Abdulnafaa, "Utilisation of construction and demolition materials with clay for road pavement subgrade," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 702-714, 2019.
  39. A. F. Cabalar, M. D. Abdulnafaa, and Z. Karabash, "Infuences of various construction and demolition materials on the behavior of a clay," Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 75, no. 9, p. 841, 2016.
  40. A. F. Cabalar, Z. Karabash, and W. S. Mustafa, "Stabilising a clay using tyre bufngs and lime," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 872-891, 2014.
  41. M. Hoy, R. Rachan, S. Horpibulsuk, A. Arulrajah, and M. Mirzababaei, "Efect of wetting-drying cycles on com- pressive strength and microstructure of recycled asphalt pavement -fy ash geopolymer," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 144, pp. 624-634, 2017.
  42. A. F. Cabalar, I. A. Ismael, and A. Yavuz, "Use of zinc coated steel CNC milling waste for road pavement subgrade," Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 23, Article ID 100342, 2020.
  43. A. F. Cabalar and S. O. Alosman, "Infuence of rock powder on the behaviour of an organic soil," Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol. 80, no. 11, pp. 8665-8676, 2021.
  44. P. Rai, W. Qiu, H. Pei et al., "Efect of fy ash and cement on the engineering characteristic of stabilized subgrade soil: an experimental study," Geofuids, vol. 2021, Article ID 1368194, 11 pages, 2021.
  45. P. Indiramma, C. Sudharani, and S. Needhidasan, "Utilization of fy ash and lime to stabilize the expansive soil and to sustain pollution free environment -an experimental study," Mate- rials Today Proceedings, vol. 22, pp. 694-700, 2020.
  46. N. K. Sharma, S. K. Swain, and U. C. Sahoo, "Stabilization of a clayey soil with fy ash and lime: a micro level investigation," Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1197-1205, 2012.
  47. E. O. Tastan, T. B. Edil, C. H. Benson, and A. H. Aydilek, "Stabilization of organic soils with fy ash," Journal of Geo- technical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 9, pp. 819-833, 2011.
  48. A. Sridharan, J. P. Prashanth, and P. V. Sivapullaiah, "Efect of fy ash on the unconfned compressive strength of black cotton soil," Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 169-175, 1997.
  49. R. U. Owolabi, M. A. Usman, A. D. Anuoluwapo, and O. P. Oguamanam, "Modelling, optimization and green metrics evaluation of bio-catalytic synthesis of biodiesel," Tikrit J. Eng. Sci.,vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 17-30, 2020.
  50. E. Kalkan and S. Akbulut, "Te positive efects of silica fume on the permeability, swelling pressure and compressive strength of natural clay liners," Engineering Geology, vol. 73, no. 1-2, pp. 145-156, 2004.
  51. B. R. Phani Kumar and R. S. Sharma, "Efect of fy ash on engineering properties of expansive soils," Journal of Geo- technical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 764-767, 2004.
  52. T. Deb and S. K. Pal, "Efect of fy ash on geotechnical properties of local soil-fy ash mixed samples," International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology, vol. 03, no. 05, pp. 507-516, 2014.
  53. S. R. Karumanchi and A. Mandal, "Moisture variations and its efect on shrinkage and swelling characteristics of unsaturated soil," European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engi- neering, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1785-1801, 2020.
  54. A. Ghosh and C. Subbarao, "Strength characteristics of Class F fy ash modifed with lime and gypsum," Journal of Geo- technical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 133, no. 7, pp. 757-766, 2007.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Alemshet, D., Fayissa, B., Geremew, A., & Chala, G.
Affiliations
  • Ambo University (ET)
  • Jimma University (ET)
Corresponding author
Fayissa, Basha
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Engineering
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-02-27
Volume
2023
Pages
1-9
ISSN
  • 2314-4904 (ISSN-L)
  • 2314-4912
DOI
10.1155/2023/1652373
OpenAlex
W4322419472
Cited by
9
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2
FWCI
1.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Jimma University
  • Ambo University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical and construction materials studies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Materials Engineering and Processing
Keywords
fly ash, expansive soil, soil stabilization, subgrade improvement, free swell index, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, optimum moisture content, industrial waste utilization, waste recycling in construction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review