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Indoor Tanning and Risk of Melanoma: A Case-Control Study in a Highly Exposed Population
Open accessAbstract
Background: Indoor tanning has been only weakly associated with melanoma risk; most reports were unable to adjust for sun exposure, confirm a dose-response, or examine specific tanning devices. A population-based case-control study was conducted to address these limitations. Methods: Cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma, diagnosed in Minnesota between 2004 and 2007 at ages 25 to 59, were ascertained from a statewide cancer registry; age-matched and gender-matched controls were randomly selected from state driver's license lists. Self-administered questionnaires and telephone interviews included information on ever use of indoor tanning, types of device used, initiation age, period of use, dose, duration, and indoor tanning–related burns. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for known melanoma risk factors. Results: Among 1,167 cases and 1,101 controls, 62.9% of cases and 51.1% of controls had tanned indoors (adjusted OR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.42-2.14). Melanoma risk was pronounced among users of UVB-enhanced (adjusted OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.03-4.03) and primarily UVA-emitting devices (adjusted OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.45-8.02). Risk increased with use: years (P < 0.006), hours (P < 0.0001), or sessions (P = 0.0002). ORs were elevated within each initiation age category; among indoor tanners, years used was more relevant for melanoma development. Conclusions: In a highly exposed population, frequent indoor tanning increased melanoma risk, regardless of age when indoor tanning began. Elevated risks were observed across devices. Impact: This study overcomes some of the limitations of earlier reports and provides strong support for the recent declaration by the IARC that tanning devices are carcinogenic in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1557–68. ©2010 AACR.
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“The lower-energy UVA (315-400 nm), which constitutes ~95% of the ultraviolet energy that penetrates the atmosphere, also induces melanoma in mice and in humans who use tanning beds, but it is inefficient at making the cytosine-containing CPD that cause C→T mutations (12, 13).”
From Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Some studies have found a similar dose-dependent effect of indoor tanning independent of age166, although another found that tanning increased risk for young women167.”
From Mechanisms and prevention of UV‐induced melanoma (2018) · cites this paper as [166]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lazovich, D., Vogel, R. I., Berwick, M., Weinstock, M. A., Anderson, K. E., & Warshaw, E. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lazovich, DeAnn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2010-06-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1557-1568
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC2883000
- OpenAlex
- W2097779490
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 23.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA106807)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- indoor tanning, melanoma, tanning beds, dose-response relationship, sun exposure, melanoma risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Beauty Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Skin, Skin Neoplasms, Ultraviolet Rays, Case-Control Studies
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