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Cancer Progress and Priorities: Childhood Cancer
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 300,000 children 0-14 years of age are diagnosed with cancer worldwide each year. While the absolute risk of cancer in children is low, in high-income countries, it is the leading cause of death due to disease in children. In spite of this, the etiologies of childhood cancer are largely unknown. METHODS: We reviewed the literature on several components of the epidemiology of childhood cancer, including incidence, survival, risk factors, etiologic heterogeneity, and prevention. After describing known patterns in the epidemiology of childhood cancer, we propose future directions for epidemiologic research. RESULTS: Recent studies indicate the worldwide incidence of childhood cancer is underestimated, especially in middle- and low-income countries. While survival continues to improve, there are significant disparities across the globe. In terms of risk factors, there are a few well-established associations including race/ethnicity, birthweight, birth defects, and ionizing radiation. Identifying novel risk factors is imperative for future prevention efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Future epidemiologic studies of childhood cancer should incorporate novel exposure methodologies, molecular features of tumors, and a more complete assessment of gene-environment interactions. IMPACT: It is hoped that our understanding of the causes of childhood cancer can be better ascertained, leading to novel surveillance or prevention strategies.
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“Outcomes remain poor for children and young adults with advanced solid tumors.1–5”
From Clinical Liquid Biopsy Testing for Detection of Actionable Genomic Alterations in Children and Young Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors on the GAIN Study (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Roberts, H. J., Comeau, H., Klega, K., DuBois, S. G., Lazo de la Vega, L., Ceca, E., Mullen, E. A., Smith, G. A., Tukachinsky, H., Huang, R. S. P., et al. (2026) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po-25-01125
Metadata
- Authors
- Lupo, P. J., & Spector, L. G.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lupo, Philip J.
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2020-06-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1081-1094
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC9400945
- OpenAlex
- W3031601960
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 263
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (U10CA180886)
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP170071, RP180755)
- St. Baldrick's Foundation (522277)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- childhood cancer, cancer incidence, cancer survival, risk factors, etiologic heterogeneity, cancer prevention, global disparities, ionizing radiation, birth weight, congenital malformations, race and ethnicity, gene-environment interaction, cancer surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Cancer Survivors, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Neoplasms, Young Adult
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