Cited by 205Sarcoma Diagnosis and TreatmentPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerAcute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research

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Insulin Growth Factor-Receptor (IGF-1R) Antibody Cixutumumab Combined with the mTOR Inhibitor Temsirolimus in Patients with Refractory Ewing's Sarcoma Family Tumors

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Naing, Aung, LoRusso, Patricia, Fu, Siqing, Hong, David S., Anderson, Pete, Benjamin, Robert S., Ludwig, Joseph, Chen, Helen X., Doyle, Laurence A., Kurzrock, Razelle·2012·Clinical Cancer Research

DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0061PMC PMC3875297

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Temsirolimus was combined with cixutumumab, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed at the insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients received cixutumumab, 6 mg/kg i.v. weekly, and temsirolimus, 25 to 37.5 mg i.v. weekly (4-week cycles), with restaging after 8 weeks. Median follow-up was 8.9 months. RESULTS: Twenty patients [17 with Ewing's sarcoma (EWS), 3 with desmoplastic small-round cell tumor (DSRCT)] were enrolled. Twelve patients (60%) were men with a median age of 24 years and six median prior systemic therapies in a metastatic setting. The most frequent toxicities were thrombocytopenia (85%), mucositis (80%), hypercholesterolemia (75%), hypertriglyceridemia (70%), and hyperglycemia (65%; mostly grade I-II). Seven of 20 patients (35%) achieved stable disease (SD) for more than 5 months or complete/partial (CR/PR) responses. Tumor regression of more than 20% (23%, 23%, 27%, 100%, 100%) occurred in five of 17 (29%) patients with EWS, and they remained on study for 8 to 27 months. One of six patients with EWS who previously developed resistance to a different IGF-1R inhibitor antibody achieved a CR. Four of the seven best responders developed grade III mucositis, myelosuppression, or hyperglycemia, which were controlled while maintaining drug dose. CONCLUSION: Cixutumumab combined with temsirolimus was well-tolerated and showed preliminary evidence of durable antitumor activity in heavily pretreated EWS family tumors.

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RETRACTED: Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors activate the AKT kinase in multiple myeloma cells by up-regulating the insulin-like growth factor receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
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mTOR Inhibition Induces Upstream Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Activates Akt
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Rapamycin induces feedback activation of Akt signaling through an IGF-1R-dependent mechanism
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Ewing's sarcoma
Balamuth, N., & Womer, R. B. (2010) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70286-4 · Cited by 727
EWS/FLI-1 Silencing and Gene Profiling of Ewing Cells Reveal Downstream Oncogenic Pathways and a Crucial Role for Repression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
Prieur, A., Tirode, F., Cohen, P., & Delattre, O. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.24.16.7275-7283.2004 · Cited by 427 · cited 1×
“EWS–FLI can bind the IGFBP3 promoter and repress its activity, further supporting the role of IGF-1R signaling in this malignancy (19).”
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary activity of the anti-IGF-1R antibody figitumumab (CP-751,871) in patients with sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma: a phase 1 expansion cohort study
Olmos, D., Postel-Vinay, S. C., Molife, L. R., Okuno, S. H., Schuetze, S. M., Paccagnella, M. L., Batzel, G. N., Yin, D., Pritchard‐Jones, K., Judson, I. R., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70354-7 · Cited by 339
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“IGF-1R targeted antibodies have been evaluated in advanced-stage EWS, inducing a short-term response when used as a single agent, but an improvement of PFS when combined with mTOR inhibitors (cixutumumab/temsirolimus) (24, 76).”
Background
Molecular Heterogeneity of Ewing Sarcoma as Detected by Ion Torrent Sequencing
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“Several other novel agents, such as insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody ganitumab (23) and cixutumumab (IGF-1R antibody) with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus (24), have been tested in patients with pretreated DSRCT.”
Background
Advances in insulin-like growth factor biology and -directed cancer therapeutics
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“, bevacizumab) (68), IGF-1-R inhibitors (112, 113), mTOR inhibitors (114), and PARP inhibitors (100) were used for the therapies and were found to be effective in select IDSRCT cases.”
BackgroundMethod
U12, a UDCA Derivative, Acts as an Anti-Hepatoma Drug Lead and Inhibits the mTOR/S6K1 and Cyclin/CDK Complex Pathways
Xu, Y., Luo, Q., Lin, T., Zeng, Z., Wang, G., Zeng, D., Ding, R., Sun, C., Zhang, X.-K., & Chen, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113479 · Cited by 16
“mTOR is an important target of anti-tumor drug development [23, 24].”
BackgroundMethod
EWS-WT1 Chimeric Protein in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor is a Potent Transactivator of FGFR4
Saito, T. (2012) · Journal of Cancer Science & Therapy · doi:10.4172/1948-5956.1000164 · Cited by 15
“A recent study has shown that antibodies for IGFIR, previously identified as a target of EWS-WT1(-KTS), showed preliminary evidence of durable antitumor activity combined with anmTOR inhibitor [40].”
Background
Myxoid liposarcoma and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
Sanfilippo, R. G., Tos, A. P. D., & Casali, P. G. (2013) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0b013e32836227ac · Cited by 15
“Recently, a small trial on the combination of an mTOR inhibitor (temsirolimus) and a monoclonal antibody inhibiting IGF1R (cixutumumab) in patients with advanced pretreated sarcomas showed promising results [40].”
Background
The Prevalence and Impact of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Patients With Advanced Cancer Receiving Combination Treatment With the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Temsirolimus and Insulin Growth Factor-Receptor Antibody Cixutumumab
Busaidy, N. L., LoRusso, P. M., Lawhorn, K., Hess, K. R., Habra, M. A., Fu, S., Hong, D. S., Chen, H. X., Doyle, L. A., Kurzrock, R., et al. (2015) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0065 · Cited by 14
“Our group has previously reported that maintaining temsirolimus and cixutumumab doses in Ewing sarcoma patients with acceptable toxicities resulted in significant tumor response [4].”
Background
Downregulating oncogenic receptor: From bench to clinic
Zhu, G., Saboor-Yaraghi, A. A., Yarden, Y., Santos, J., & Jc, N. (2016) · Hematology & Medical Oncology · doi:10.15761/hmo.1000106 · Cited by 14
“Truncated mutations of 59 to 84 amino acids of EPOR at c-terminus lead to loss of the intracellular cytoplasmic tail of the receptor, and prolonged proliferative signal resulting in hypersensitivity (5-10 fold increased sensitivity) to erythropoitin, and prolonged activity of JAK2 kinase and STAT5 activity [211-214].”
Background
The efficacy and safety of apatinib in Ewing’s sarcoma: a retrospective analysis in one institution
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Background
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“Although we had previously suggested that more severe mucositis may be correlated with a better response to temsirolimus-based cancer treatment [9], our current results suggest that response to the temsirolimus-based treatment increased with a higher grade of mucositis.”
Result
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“Comments Deforolimus [33] m-TOR I 1 100 0/1 - Ridaforolimus [34] m-TOR II NA/ (54 bone sarcoma ps) 3.7 0/2 15 Ganitumab [35] IGF-R II 22 4.5 0/1 7 (37) Cixutumumab [36] IGF-R II 155 NA NA 11%, 12 weeks PFS Cixutumumab [37] +Temsirolimus IGF-R + m-TOR II 17 11.8 2/0 6 (35) Trabectedin [23] EWS-FLI II 16 0 0/0 1 (6) **S…”
Influential
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Background
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor targeted therapies in pediatric cancer
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“However, anti-IGF-1R clinical trials in Ewing sarcoma resulted in relatively low response rates [21-27].”
Background
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“[174] treated 17 adults with ESFT with intravenous cixutumumab 6 mg/kg weekly, and intravenous temsirolimus 25–37.”
Method
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Method
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Background
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“Temsirolimus has been shown to inhibit the growth of a wide range of histologically diverse tumours, including adrenocortical carcinoma [15], the Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumours [16], central nervous system cancers [17], mantle cell lymphoma [18], breast cancer [19] and renal cell carcinoma [20].”
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Background
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Background
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Emerging Therapies for Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
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“The most frequent drug-related adverse events were mucositis, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and thrombocytopenia.(27) The most recently reported study is an open-label phase II study of temsirolimus combined with the IGF1R monoclonal antibody cixutumumab (formerly IMC-A12), which was a 3-strata study: IGF1Rposi…”
Background
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“Recent studies combining the IGF1R antibody cixutumumab with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus showed preliminary evidence of durable antitumor activity in heavily pretreated EWSR1 family tumors [55].”
Background
A phase I study evaluating cixutumumab, a type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibitor, given every 2 or 3 weeks in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
Doi, T., Shitara, K., Kojima, T., Yoshino, T., Dontabhaktuni, A., Rebscher, H., Tang, S., Cosaert, J. G. C. E., & Ohtsu, A. (2016) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-016-3041-7 · Cited by 4
Quality of life and Q-TWiST were not adversely affected in Ewing sarcoma patients treated with combined anlotinib, irinotecan, and vincristine: (Peking University People's Hospital Ewing sarcoma trial-02, PKUPH-EWS-02).
Dong, S., Sun, K., Xie, L., Xu, J. H., Sun, X., Ren, T., Huang, Y., Yang, R., Tang, X., Yang, F., et al. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000028078 · Cited by 3
“Although downstream targets of t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation (EWSR1FLI1) have been investigated through multiple trials,([3]) such as insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin,([11,12]) and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase 1,([13,14]) most target drugs have failed in their mono…”
Background
Enhanced Antipediatric Sarcoma Effect of Everolimus with Secukinumab by Targeting IL17A
Huang, D., Wu, Z., Wu, Z., Li, N., Hao, L., Li, K., Zeng, J., Qiu, B., Zhang, S., & Yan, J. (2024) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0342 · Cited by 3
The Effect of Adrenalectomy on Overall Survival in Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Assad, A., Incesu, R., Morra, S., Scheipner, L., Baudo, A., Siech, C., de ANGELIS, M., Tian, Z., Ahyai, S., Longo, N., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae571 · Cited by 5
Targeted therapy in soft tissue sarcoma-a novel direction in therapeutics.
Tan, C. J., Yang, J., Crowe, P. J., & Goldstein, D. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2304-3865.2013.08.01 · Cited by 3
An Analytical Approach for Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor 1 and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Blockades in Ewing SarcomaPreprint
Sandhu, R., Lamhamedi-Cherradi, S.-E., Tannenbaum, S., Ludwig, J. A., & Tannenbaum, A. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1509.03642 · Cited by 5
“As such, combinatorial inhibition of IGF-1R and mTOR has been shown to triple the response rate as compared to sole IGF-1R inhibition [8, 9, 10, 11].”
Background
Case Report: Should IGF-1R targeted therapy be revisited in Ewing sarcoma? a report of long-term complete response and review of the literature
Stergiopoulos, G. M., Siontis, B. L., Ahmed, S. K., Thangaiah, J. J., Houdek, M. T., Ho, T. P., Okuno, S. H., & Robinson, S. I. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1667628 · Cited by 2
Tailored approaches to rare sarcomas: current challenges and future prospects
Gantzer, J., Eberst, L., Cassier, P. A., & Brahmi, M. (2018) · Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development · doi:10.1080/23808993.2018.1454260 · Cited by 2
“The combination was well tolerated and two among three DSCRT patients had SD lasting longer than 5 months [34].”
Background
Antitumor Effects of β-Elemene Through Inducing Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis in Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumor Cells
Zhang, T., Zhang, T., Gao, C., Jalal, S., Yuan, R., Teng, H., Li, C., & Huang, L. (2023) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2023.0084 · Cited by 2
“…Heitzeneder et al., 2019; Iniguez et al., 2018; Italiano et al., 2020; Juergens et al., 2011; Kailayangiri et al., 2017; Kelleher and Thomas, 2012; Naing et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2016) of ESFTs including IGF1R inhibition have been studied, whereas the clinical application remains to be clariﬁed.”
mTOR blockade mitigates chemotherapy drug-induced intestinal toxicity via inhibition of pyroptosis
Wang, X., Gao, F., Guan, J., Zhang, L., Du, L., Zhao, Y., Gao, F., Zhao, K., He, W., & Lin, J. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.167913 · Cited by 2
Comparative Evaluation of Strategies for Quantifying Signaling Pathway Proteins in Ewing Sarcoma
Applebaum, M. A., Thomas, D. G., Hembrough, T., Burrows, J., Horvai, A., Lawlor, E. R., & DuBois, S. G. (2014) · Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology · doi:10.1097/pai.0b013e3182a8d4bb · Cited by 2
“Median age at tissue collection (range) 18 (1-49) 15 (1-46)”
Background
Targeted therapy in metastatic, recurrent and refractory Ewing sarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma. Review of literature
Morgacheva, D. A., Panova, D. Y., & Belogurova, M. B. (2021) · Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.21682/2311-1267-2021-8-1-57-63 · Cited by 2
Antibodies in Cancer Treatment: Early Clinical Development
Zibelman, M. R., Borghaei, H., & Olszanski, A. J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527682423.ch27 · Cited by 2
Recurrent Intracranial Ewing Sarcoma
Yap, S. A., Alig, A. H. S., Hasenburg, A. A., Hilfenhaus, G., Stephan, L. U., Pelzer, U., Stintzing, S., & Stahler, A. (2024) · Ochsner Journal · doi:10.31486/toj.24.0014 · Cited by 1
“29 Moreover, profiling of 113 patients with Ewing sarcoma revealed secondary ERF and FGFR1 alterations with a prevalence of 7% and 3%, respectively.”
Background
Strategies for the Treatment of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: A Case Series
Offenbacher, R., Lazar, P., Fabish, L., Fox, J. L., Lee, A., Loeb, D. M., & Baker, A. C. (2025) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31734 · Cited by 1
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor in children: Report of six cases
Xu, J., Feng, J., Tian, F., Ding, D., Zhao, J., & Ma, Y. (2025) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2025.156182 · Cited by 1
New therapeutic targets in Ewing sarcoma: from pre-clinical proof-of-concept to clinical trials
Corradini, N., & Rédiní, F. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416721-6.00033-9 · Cited by 1
Antibody based therapy for childhood solid cancers
Birley, K., Chester, K. A., & Anderson, J. (2018) · Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.coche.2018.01.005 · Cited by 1
Biology of Ewing sarcoma
Tirode, F. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416721-6.00022-4 · Cited by 1
Adverse Events and Efficacy of Cixutumumab in Phase II Clinical Trials: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Cao, H., Cui, L., Ma, W., Zhu, L., Wang, K., Ni, Y., Wang, Y., & Du, J. (2016) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-016-0475-y · Cited by 1
Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Pelvis
Kelley, B. V., Greig, D. E., & Hornicek, F. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77007-5_8 · Cited by 1
Immunotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors
Nicholls, L. A., & Kopp, L. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57949-4_2 · Cited by 1
Novel Therapies on the Horizon
Cripe, T. P., Haworth, K. B., & Houghton, P. J. (2015) · Pediatric oncology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18099-1_15
Mecanismo de acción de edelfosina en sarcoma de ewing y cáncer de cabeza y cuello
Forero, X. M. B. (2014) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.124083
Wnt signalling in the Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumours
Shaw, L. (2014) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)
Monoclonal Antibody Cancer Treatments in Phase III Clinical Trials
Petrausch, U., & Deckert, P. M. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9783527682423.ch26
Recurrent Bone Tumors
Lagmay, J., & Yeager, N. D. (2015) · Pediatric oncology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18099-1_14
Targeted Therapy in Solid Tumors: Sarcomas
Conley, A. P., Ravi, V., & PATEL, S. R. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118468678.ch30
Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Solid Tumors
Dao, J. Q., & Zweidler‐McKay, P. A. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118468678.ch27
Immunotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors
Kopp, L. M., & Katsanis, E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46410-6_3
Rational Combinations of mTOR Inhibitors as Anticancer Strategies
García-Donás, J., Rodríguez-Moreno, J. F., Romero-Laorden, N., & Hidalgo, M. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0492-7_9
“[ 115 ] Temsirolimus Cixutumumab Phase II 20 pts Extension of PhI Ewing’s family tumors CB: 35 %”
Method
Non-surgical Treatment of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas
Sierrasesúmaga, L., Martín, I. R., & Garraus, M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24220-0_2
Combination Therapies Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathways
Naing, A., Mills, G. B., & Meric‐Bernstam, F. (2016) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34211-5_6
EWS-FLI1 Regulates Genotoxic Stress Response in Ewing
Yustein, J. T., & Ewing, F. D. V. (2015)
Tumor desmoplásico de célula pequeña y redonda paratesticular/testicular: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura.
Charris, H. R. O., Mejía, F. C., Vallejo, C., Saiz, C. B., Boada, V. M., & Roncancio-Velandia, T. (2020) · Revista Colombiana de Cancerología · doi:10.35509/01239015.691
Tumorimmuntherapie in der pädiatrischen Onkologie
Lode, H. N. (2021) · Der Onkologe · doi:10.1007/s00761-020-00890-8
“Ähnlich verhält es sich mit „insulin growth factor 1 receptor“ (IGF-1R) sowiemit „human epidermal growth factor receptor 2“ (HER2), und mit „glycoprotein B7 homolog 3 protein“ (B7-H3) die auf soliden Tumoren und Hirntumoren bei Erwachsenen und Kindern exprimiert werden, sodass die korrespondierenden mAb bei Kindern mi…”
Background
New therapeutic advances of bone sarcomas
Blay, J., Brahmi, M., Marec‐Bérard, P., Corradini, N., & Dufresne, A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821666-8.00072-4
Molecular aspects of Ewing's sarcomas
Tirode, F., & Grünewald, T. G. P. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821666-8.00022-0
Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors
Ludwig, J. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821666-8.00016-5
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cixutumumab and temsirolimus for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.
Duffaud, F. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.717988709.793475208
Cixutumumab and mTOR blockade well tolerated in EWS
(2012) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.67
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cixutumumab and temsirolimus for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.
Gorlick, R. G., & Gill, J. B. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.717988709.793474324
Delayed growth of SK-ES-1 Ewing sarcoma tumors associated with reduced expression and activity of Trk receptors, PI3K, and IGF1RPreprint
dos Santos, B. A., Freire, N. H., Fratini, L., Dalmolin, M., de Castro, J. M., Fernandes, M. A. C., Gregianin, L. J., Brunetto, A. T., Brunetto, A. L., Rivero, L. F. D. R., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684233
Ewing sarcoma family of tumors
Ludwig, J. A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416721-6.00021-2
Targeted and molecular therapies in Ewing sarcoma: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical advances
Asmar, C., Asmar, R., Awad, G., Boutros, M., Khatib, R. A., Hammad, S., Hassan, C., Mallory, N. C., & Masrouha, K. Z. (2026) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-026-04348-y
“The third, with median follow-up of 8.9 months, reported a median OS of 12.3 months, with 35% achieving stable disease or partial/ complete response and 29% demonstrating tumor regression [64].”
Influential

Authors: Naing, A., LoRusso, P., Fu, S., Hong, D. S., Anderson, P., Benjamin, R. S., Ludwig, J., Chen, H. X., Doyle, L. A., & Kurzrock, R.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Naing, Aung
ORCID: Naing, Aung
LoRusso, Patricia
Fu, Siqing
Hong, David S.
Benjamin, Robert S.
Ludwig, Joseph
Chen, Helen X.
Kurzrock, Razelle
Venue: Clinical Cancer Research
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Published: 2012-04-30
Volume: 18
Issue: 9
Pages: 2625-2631
ISSN: 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
1557-3265
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0061
PMC: PMC3875297
OpenAlex: W1991236371
Cited by: 205
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 26.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (U01-CA62487, U01 CA 62461, R21-CA13763301A1, U01CA062487, R21CA137633, U01CA062461, P30CA016672)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
Keywords: cixutumumab, temsirolimus, mTOR inhibitors, Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, refractory cancer, combination therapy, hyperglycemia, mucositis, thrombocytopenia, anticancer activity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Bone Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Remission Induction, Sarcoma, Ewing, Cohort Studies, Receptor, IGF Type 1, Sirolimus, Young Adult, Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Neoplasm Grading, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

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Insulin Growth Factor-Receptor (IGF-1R) Antibody Cixutumumab Combined with the mTOR Inhibitor Temsirolimus in Patients with Refractory Ewing's Sarcoma Family Tumors

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