A Comparison of the Pituitary Adrenal Activity Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of Preoptic, Amygdaloid and Hypothalamic Sites in the Rat Brain
Abstract
In rats anesthetized with pentobarbital, increments in corticosterone concentration were elicited upon electrical stimulation through chronically implanted electrodes. Prestimulation steroid levels were low. Poststimulation levels varied according to the site stimulated. These sites, ranging in order of responsiveness from greatest to least, were amygdala, mammillary hypothalamus, tuberal hypothalamus, and preoptic area. The corticosterone increments obtained under anesthesia were similar in magnitude to those obtained in the absence of anesthesia. Placement of the electrodes in the median eminence itself did not enhance the responsiveness. Hind leg shock evoked a steroid increment comparable to that produced by tuberal stimulation ; and ketamine, a centrally acting drug, provided an estimate of the maximal centrally elicited response. The evidence is consistent with the view that excitatory afferent paths to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) neurons and the CRF neurons themselves lie distributed in the tissue stimulated.
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The amygdala is critical in activating the LHPA axis in response to threat and stress.
“The amygdala is critical in activating the LHPA axis in response to threat and stress (Dunn and Whitener, 1986, Feldman et al., 1995, Redgate and Fahringer, 1973), and levels of glucocorticoids are regulated via negative feedback loops at several levels of the axis including the hippocampus and PFC (Diorio et al., 1993, Jacobson and Sapolsky, 1991).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Redgate and Fahringer, 1973
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Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
Herman, J. P., Ostrander, M. M., Mueller, N. K., & Figueiredo, H. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.08.006 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
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Whitnall, M. H. (1993) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(93)90035-q · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Goldstein, L. E., Rasmusson, A. M., Bunney, B. S., & Roth, R. H. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-15-04787.1996 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery
Gee, D. G., & Casey, B. J. (2015) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.02.001 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“The amygdala is critical in activating the LHPA axis in response to threat and stress (Dunn and Whitener, 1986; Feldman et al., 1995; Redgate and Fahringer, 1973), and levels of glucocorticoids are regulated via negative feedback loops at several levels of the axis including the hippocampus and PFC…”
BackgroundAssociation of amygdala volumes with cortisol secretion in unipolar depressed patients
Schuhmacher, A., Mössner, R., Jessen, F., Scheef, L., Block, W., Belloche, A. C., Lennertz, L., Welper, H., Höfels, S., Pfeiffer, U., et al. (2012) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.09.007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Redgate, E. S., & Fahringer, E. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Redgate, E.S.
- Fahringer, E.E.
- Venue
- Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2008-03-19
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 334-343
- ISSN
- 0028-3835 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0194
- OpenAlex
- W2042975266
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- pituitary-adrenal axis, corticosterone, electrical stimulation, preoptic area, amygdala, hypothalamus, tuberal hypothalamus, median eminence, corticotropin-releasing factor, CRF neurons, afferent pathways, ketamine
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Glands, Amygdala, Animals, Corticosterone, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Hindlimb, Hypothalamus, Ketamine, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Rats
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