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Effects of Intravenous Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone upon Sleep-Related Growth Hormone Surge and Sleep EEG in Man
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in coordinating neuroendocrine, metabolic and behavioral responses in stress and affective disorders. To further investigate the effects of enhanced pituitary-adrenocortical activity upon sleep-related phenomena we administered four intravenous injections of 50 µg human (h)-CRH or saline to 11 normal males at 10 p.m., 11 p.m., 12 p.m. and 1 a.m. and measured plasma levels of cortisol and growth hormone (GH) as well as sleep EEG recordings throughout the night. Treatment with h-CRH resulted in a significant increase of mean (± SEM) cortisol secretion between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. (h-CRH: 100.6 + 9.5 ng/ml; saline: 39.0 ± 1.5 ng/ml; p < 0.01). This initial cortisol increase after repeated h-CRH stimulations was followed by a period of attenuated plasma cortisol between 3 and 7 a.m. (h-CRH: 70.3 + 7.0 ng/ml; saline: 115.5 ± 8.0 ng/ml; p < 0.01). Cortisol surges after h-CRH were associated with a significant blunting of sleep-related GH release expressed as areas under concentration curves (h-CRH: 1.245 ± 0.32 ng/ml/min · 103; saline: 2.462 + 0.92 ng/ml/min· 103, p < O.01). In addition to these hormonal effects, h-CRH induced a decrease of REM and slow wave sleep (stages III and IV) while the amount of more shallow sleep (stages I and II)increased. These effects upon sleep structure were more pronounced during the second part of the night. We conclude that h-CRH induces effects in healthy humans (GH blunting and SWS reduction) which resemble those seen among hypercortisolemic depressives and surmise that CRH plays a role to mediate endocrine as well as behavioral phenomena in the affective disorders.
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“there is in turn strong evidence that elevated CRH tone increases sleep EEG frequency, thereby decreasing SWS, and increasing light sleep and wakefulness [94].”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [94]
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“On the other hand, the pulsed administration of CRH causes a decrease in SWS (Holsboer et al., 1988).”
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Self-citationEffects of hCRH on sleep and body temperature rhythms
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“In particular, in young male healthy subjects, decreases in SWS and growth hormone occurred, and in young healthy women, decrease inN3, increased wakefulness, and more REM sleep during the first third of the night were found.(114,115) Subchronic treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist methylpredni…”
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Self-citationPhysiological Correlates of Insomnia
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BackgroundDifferential effects of the stress peptides PACAP and CRF on sleep architecture in mice
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Alpha-Helical CRH Exerts CRH Agonistic Effects on Sleep-Endocrine Activity in Humans
Held, K., Antonijevic, I. A., Murck, H., Kunzel, H. E., & Steiger, A. (2005) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000086606 · Cited by 9
Self-citationHolsboer, F., & Ising, M. (2024) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-2372-3549 · Cited by 8
Self-citationPeroski, M., Proudan, N., Grignol, G., Merchenthaler, I. J., & Dudás, B. (2016) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.09.005 · Cited by 8
Bourjeily, G. R., & Mohsenin, V. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-445-2_4 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, pulsatile administration of intravenous CRH to young healthy males results in a decrease of the SWS by means of an increase in cortisol secretion and blunting of GH secretion ( 43 ) .I n another study, pulsatile cortisol injections enhanced the slow wave activity on EEG spectral analysis in young normal m…”
BackgroundKalus, S., Kneib, T., Steiger, A., Holsboer, F., & Yassouridis, A. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90530.2008 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, many studies support the view that the neuropeptides growth hormone (GH)releasing hormone (GHRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) act as common regulators of sleep architecture and sleep-associated hormone release (7, 11, 17, 22).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChanges in Electroencephalographic Power Spectra Associated with Reproductive Status in Frog
Fang, G., Cui, J., Chen, Q., et al. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21105-8_18 · Cited by 7
“Some hormones including the growth hormone, cortisol and its releasing factors, affect nocturnal sleep EEGs and have been studied thoroughly in both human and animal subjects [ 3 ],[4].”
BackgroundAdeniyi, M. J., Awosika, A., Millis, R. M., & Ige, S. F. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.109148 · Cited by 10
Cauter, E. V., & Turek, F. W. (2001) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp070415 · Cited by 7
Endocrine Function During Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Mullington, J. M. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045046-9.00067-x · Cited by 7
Sharma, S. S., Saini, J., Chacko, S. R., Ahmadian, S., Fell, V. M., Erickson, D. Z., Peersen, A. F., Achenbach, S. J., Atkinson, E. J., & Bancos, I. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf553 · Cited by 7
A dopamine D1-like receptor-specific agonist improves the survival of septic mice
Tanaka, K., Choudhury, M. E., Kikuchi, S., Takeda, I., Umakoshi, K., Miyaue, N., Mikami, K., Takenaga, A., Yagi, H., Shinabe, R., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109587 · Cited by 6
“47 AVP has also been implicated in sleep disturbances or insomnia.”
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Gabry, K. E., Gold, P. W., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012532104-4/50083-4 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Holsboer, F., von Bardeleben, U., & Steiger, A.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Venue
- Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2008-04-02
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 32-38
- ISSN
- 0028-3835 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0194
- OpenAlex
- W2040727780
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, cortisol secretion, sleep EEG, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, sleep architecture, growth hormone secretion, circadian rhythm
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Electroencephalography, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sleep, Growth Hormone
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