Cited by 266Hormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesSperm and Testicular Function

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Ageing of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Testicular Axis in Men

Vermeulen, A., Kaufman, J.M.·2008·Hormone Research

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Abstract

In distinction to the course of reproductive ageing in women, men do not experience a rapid decline of Leydig cell function or irreversible arrest of reproductive capacity in old age. Hence, strictu sensu, the andropause does not exist. Nevertheless, both spermatogenesis and fertility as well as Leydig cell function do decline with age, as shown by a decrease of ± 35% of total and of 50% of free testosterone levels between the age of 20 and 80 years. The origin of this decline of Leydig cell function resides on the one hand in the testes, and is essentially characterized by a decreased number of Leydig (and Sertoli) cells and on the other hand in the hypothalamo-pituitary complex characterized by a decreased luteinzing hormone (LH) pulse amplitude, LH pulse frequency being maintained. As the responsiveness of the gonadotrophs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) remains unimpaired, one may assume that the amount of GnRH released at each pulse is also reduced, possibly as the consequence of a reduction of the cellular mass of GnRH neurones. Plasma levels of testosterone below the lower normal limit occur, however, only in a minority of elderly men from 7% in the age group 40-60, to 20% in the age group 60-80 and 35% in the age group over 80 years old. Factors influencing testosterone levels in elderly men are multiple: hereditary, environmental (obesity, stress), psychosocial (depression, smoking, drugs) or socioeconomical (diet, hygiene). Whether these elderly men should be substituted with androgens remains controversial. Beneficial effects, such as an increased feeling of well-being and fitness, increased muscle strength and endurance, decreased bone catabolism and increase of hematocrit, should be weighed against the risks of stimulation of growth of an occult, subclinical prostatic carcinoma (occurring with a high frequency in elderly males). Therefore, large scale androgen supplementation should await the results of well-controlled prospective studies.

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“Received: 5 November 2014 / Accepted: 17 December 2014 / Published online: 27 December 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 To the Editor The age-associated gradual decline of systemic testosterone (T) production inmen is widely known [1] and further intensified by a concomitant increase in concentration…”
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Authors: Vermeulen, A., & Kaufman, J. M.
Affiliations: Ghent University Hospital (BE)
ORCID: Vermeulen, A.
Kaufman, J.M.
Venue: Hormone Research
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Published: 2008-12-05
Volume: 43
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 25-28
ISSN: 0301-0163 (ISSN-L)
1423-0046
DOI: 10.1159/000184233
OpenAlex: W2025587852
Cited by: 265
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 8.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: karger.com/pages/terms-and-conditions (vor)
karger.com/pages/terms-and-conditions (tdm)
Locations: Hormone Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords: andropause, Leydig cell function, spermatogenesis, male fertility, free testosterone, luteinizing hormone pulsatility, GnRH neurons, testosterone replacement therapy, older men
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aging, Androgens, Hormones, Humans, Hypogonadism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Leydig Cells, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Middle Aged, Testis

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Ageing of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Testicular Axis in Men

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