The First Frontier: Digital Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Special Care Units and Traditional Care in Dementia: Relationship with Behavior, Cognition, Functional Status and Quality of Life - A Review

Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589

Movement Disorder Society‐sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results

Goetz, C. G., Tilley, B. C., Shaftman, S. R., Stebbins, G. T., Fahn, S., Martinez‐Martin, P., Poewe, W., Sampaio, C., Stern, M. B., Dodel, R., et al. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22340 · Cited by 7,536

A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease

(1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 · Cited by 4,175

Multiple Wearable Sensors in Parkinson and Huntington Disease Individuals: A Pilot Study in Clinic and at Home

Adams, J., Dinesh, K., Xiong, M., Tarolli, C. G., Sharma, S., Sheth, N., Aranyosi, A. J., Zhu, W. Y., Goldenthal, S. B., Biglan, K., et al. (2017) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000479018 · Cited by 3,190

The State of US Health, 1990-2010: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors

Murray, C. J. L. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.13805 · Cited by 2,438

Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Early Parkinson Disease: Evidence of Slowing of the Functional Decline

Shults, C. W. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.10.1541 · Cited by 984

Estimating The Cost Of New Drug Development: Is It Really $802 Million?

Adams, C., & Brantner, V. V. (2006) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.420 · Cited by 917

Technology in Parkinson’s disease: challenges and opportunities

Espay, A. J., Bonato, P., Nahab, F. B., Maetzler, W., Dean, J. M., Klucken, J., Eskofier, B. M., Merola, A., Horak, F., Lang, A. E., et al. (2016) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26642 · Cited by 654

Isosorbide Mononitrate in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Redfield, M. M., Anstrom, K. J., Levine, J. A., Koepp, G. A., Borlaug, B. A., Chen, H. H., LeWinter, M. M., Joseph, S. M., Shah, S. J., Semigran, M. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1510774 · Cited by 556

A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease

The NINDS NET-PD Investigators (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000201252.57661.e1 · Cited by 453

Digital gait and balance measures

Horak, F. B., Shah, V. V., & Mancini, M. (2023) · International review of movement disorders · doi:10.1016/bs.irmvd.2023.04.005 · Cited by 4

Enhancing the Management of Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease by Integrating Functional Evaluation to Mitigate the Burden of Vaso-Occlusive Crises

Boma, P. M., Kaponda, A., Panda, J., & Bonnechère, B. (2024) · Journal of Vascular Diseases · doi:10.3390/jvd3010007 · Cited by 4

Me in the Wild: An Exploratory Study Using Smartphones to Detect the Onset of Depression

Asare, K. O., Visuri, A., Vega, J., & Ferreira, D. (2022) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06368-8_9 · Cited by 6

Digital biomarkers in movement disorders

Urso, D., van Wamelen, D. J., Trivedi, D., Chaudhuri, К. R., & Falup‐Pecurariu, C. (2023) · International review of movement disorders · doi:10.1016/bs.irmvd.2023.05.004 · Cited by 4

Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in supporting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases

Belowska-Bień, K., Bień, B., & Software, W. S. (2021) · Aktualności Neurologiczne · doi:10.15557/an.2021.0021 · Cited by 4

Will Health Experts Adopt a Clinical Decision Support System for Game-Based Digital Biomarkers? Investigating the Impact of Different Explanations on Perceived Ease-of-Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Trust

Chen, Y., Verbert, K., Gerling, K., Abeele, M.-E. V., & Abeele, V. V. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712139 · Cited by 6

A Comprehensive Review of intelligent Voice Disorder Diagnosis: Techniques, Databases, and Machine Learning Approaches

Boujraine, K., Laaidi, N., Ezzine, A., & Satori, H. (2024) · International Conference on Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ESAI) · doi:10.1109/esai62891.2024.10913507 · Cited by 3

A digital motor score for sensitive detection of progression in Huntington’s disease

Giboin, L., Simillion, C., Rennig, J., Bamdadian, A., Kinsella, F. C., Smith, A. V., McColgan, P., Lindemann, M., Lipsmeier, F., Wild, E. J., et al. (2025) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaf127 · Cited by 4

Development and implementation of the frog-in-maze game to study upper limb movement in people with Parkinson’s disease

Virmani, T., Kemp, A. S., Pillai, L., Glover, A., Spencer, H. J., & Larson‐Prior, L. J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49382-w · Cited by 3

The search for Parkinson disease biomarkers

Adams, J., & Morgia, C. L. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006148 · Cited by 3

Clinical validation of a novel hand dexterity measurement device

Hayden, C. D., Murphy, B. P., Gilsenan, D., Nasseroleslami, B., Hardiman, O. M., & Murray, D. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000744 · Cited by 4

Recent Advances in the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Alzheimer's Disease

Yao, L., Ni, J., Wei, M., Li, T., Li, F., Wang, T., Xiao, W., Shi, J., & Tian, J. (2025) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/0115672050410489250930175402 · Cited by 2

AI-Driven Innovations in Translational Research: Accelerating Bench-to-Bedside Pipelines Through Predictive Modelling and Digital Biomarkers

Judijanto, L. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.59324/ejaset.2025.3(6).09 · Cited by 2

Ethical Considerations of Digital Phenotyping from the Perspective of a Healthcare Practitioner Including Updates

Dagum, P., & Montag, C. (2022) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98546-2_3 · Cited by 2

Biomarkers in Huntington’s Disease

Killoran, A. (2021) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1712-0_10 · Cited by 3

Multi-Contrast and Multi-Scale Deep Networks for Identifying Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Imaging

Upadhyay, S., & Gautam, P. (2025) · OPJU International Technology Conference on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry (OTCON) · doi:10.1109/otcon65728.2025.11070547 · Cited by 1

Smartphone self-testing of hand and speech motor functions: a study of reliability and usability in older adults

Li, R., Rudd, K. D., Roccati, E., Goldberg, L. R., Bindoff, A. D., Lawler, K., Aiyede, M., Simonet, C., Mulisa, D., King, A. E., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-02024-7 · Cited by 1

Wearable-sensor based walking and non-walking measures as progression markers in early to mid-stage Parkinson’s disease

Ho, K. C., Li, S., Serrano-Amenos, C., Kowahl, N., Rainaldi, E., Chen, C., Bloem, B. R., Sanders, L. H., Shih, L. C., Siderowf, A. D., et al. (2026) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-026-01358-z · Cited by 1

Opportunities and challenges related to participant stratification and cohort enrichment in ALS clinical trials

Yusuf, S., Allen, M. D., Kang, H., Phillips, D., & Genge, A. L. (2026) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.1080/21678421.2026.2659128 · Cited by 1

Daily‐Life, Sensor‐Derived Tremor Measures Are Sensitive to Progression in Early Parkinson's Disease

Timmermans, N. A., Bucur, I. G., Soriano, D. C., Post, E., Cagnan, H., Shin, S., Little, M. A., Raykov, Y. P., Bloem, B. R., Helmich, R. C. G., et al. (2026) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.78236 · Cited by 1

Technological neuropsychology: Assessing cognition in a digital world

Federico, G. (2026) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2026.106473 · Cited by 2

Individualized Tracking of Neurocognitive-State-Dependent Eye-Movement Features Using Mobile Devices

Lai, H.-Y., Sodini, C. G., Sze, V., & Heldt, T. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3580843 · Cited by 1

Digital Measures in Huntington’s Disease

Adams, J., Waddell, E. M., Chunga, N., & Quinn, L. (2023) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32815-2_18 · Cited by 1

Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Accurate Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases Using Vocal Biomarkers

Bijoy, M. H., Mondal, P. K., Plabon, M. F., & Das, D. (2024) · doi:10.1109/icict64387.2024.10839668 · Cited by 1

Regulatory Science Objectives and Biomarker Qualification Through Public-Private Partnerships Are Critical to Delivering Innovative Treatments for CNS Diseases

Stephenson, D. T., & Arnerić, S. P. (2019) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803161-2.00020-5 · Cited by 1

Die Rolle personalisierter mHealth-Anwendungen zur Risikoreduktion der Alzheimererkrankung

Khayyal, H. A., & Remmers, H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-29133-4_9 · Cited by 1

Remote patient monitoring in neuromuscular disease

Geronimo, A. M. (2022) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.27658 · Cited by 1

A feasibility study of smartphone sensors to assess the effect of acute high altitude (3,800 m) exposure on cognition and motor function in healthy participantsPreprint

Goldman, O. G., Dubowitz, G., & Anderson, D. E. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.561578 · Cited by 1

Progression of daily-life tremor measures in early Parkinson disease: a longitudinal continuous monitoring studyPreprint

Timmermans, N. A., Bucur, I. G., Soriano, D. C., Post, E., Cagnan, H., Shin, S., Little, M. A., Raykov, Y. P., Bloem, B. R., Helmich, R. C. G., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.25342892 · Cited by 1

Automatic psychomotor function quantification in Parkinson’s disease via natural interaction with digital devices

Arroyo‐Gallego, T. (2020) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.64517

Daten sammeln aus der Praxis: der Weg zum digitalen MS-Zwilling

Voigt, I., & Ziemssen, T. (2021) · DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater · doi:10.1007/s15202-021-4776-5

Scoping review of digital biomarker-based studies (Preprint)Preprint

Motahari-Nezhad, H., Fgaier, M., Abid, M. M., Péntek, M., Gulàcsi, L., & Zrubka, Z. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35722

Biomarkers: Definitions and Utility for Drug Development

Hartl, D. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9783527824014.ch4

Considerations for clinical trial design and conduct in the evaluation of novel advanced therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease

Drew, C. J. G., & Busse, M. E. (2022) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.006 · Cited by 1

Methodological and bibliometric examination of systematic reviews of digital biomarker-based studies

Motahari-Nezhad, H., Fgaier, M., & Alabdulkarim, H. A. (2022) · IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY) · doi:10.1109/sisy56759.2022.10036267

Smartphone measures motor and respiratory function in spinal muscular atrophy

Topaloğlu, H., & Coşkun, A. N. (2023) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.006

Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease in perspective of early diagnosis and translation of neurotrophic therapiesPreprint

Renko, J., & Tuominen, R. K. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.169867862.29591763/v1

Technology Solutions for Physical Mobility Challenges

Wall, C., McMeekin, P. J., Walker, R. W., & Godfrey, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99967-0.00152-6

Gait and mobility assessment in cardio-respiratory conditions

Megaritis, D., Hume, E., Echevarria, C., & Vogiatzis, I. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21484-4.00014-4

Participatory Design Insights for Holistic Data Collection in DLB Using Smartphones and Wearables: Toward an Adaptive Digital Assistant

Jahanshahikhabisi, M., Okopnyi, P., Guribye, F., Fjeld, M., Rongve, A., & Bachinski, M. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719801

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Wearable tracking of walking and non-walking as progression markers in early Parkinson’s diseasePreprint

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Understanding the Silent Threat: A Review to Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Digital Phenotyping via Passive Network Traffic Monitoring: Feasibility and Acceptability in University Students (Preprint)Preprint

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MFCC, PLP, and AI Approaches for Laryngeal Lesion Diagnosis

Boujraine, K., Lakhdadi, K., & Satori, H. (2025) · International Conference on Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ESAI) · doi:10.1109/esai67033.2025.11438593

A Construct Aligned Informatics Pipeline for Clinically Interpretable Digital Endpoints in Neurodevelopmental Conditions (Preprint)Preprint

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Digital health interventions in Parkinson’s disease management: A narrative review

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Enhancing global Alzheimer's disease drug outcomes by comprehensive African data integration

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Feasibility and sensitivity of a multimodal digital endpoint panel for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective cohort study

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Feasibility of Privacy-Preserving LiDAR-Based Continuous Gait and Activity Monitoring in Three People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Technical Proof-of-Concept Case Study

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New insights on microglial lysosomal acidification: A therapeutic target of neurodegenerative diseases

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A longitudinal analysis of real world symptom tracking and patient-reported outcomes in Brisa, a German Digital Health App for multiple sclerosis

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Digital Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disease

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Development of Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring from Traditional to Digital Biomarkers

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Digital Biomarkers in Brain Health and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions

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