ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, and Strategies to Preserve Beta-Cell Function in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This guideline serves as an update to the 2022 ISPAD consensus guideline on staging for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Key additions include an evidence-based summary of recommendations for screening for risk of T1D and monitoring those with early-stage T1D. In addition, a review of clinical trials designed to delay progression to Stage 3 T1D and efforts seeking to preserve beta-cell function in those with Stage 3 T1D are included. Lastly, opportunities and challenges associated with the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of teplizumab as an immunotherapy to delay progression are discussed.
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In the past 10 years, global screening efforts have expanded to include children from the general public.
“In the past 10 years, global screening efforts have expanded to include children from the general public.9”
From The future of type 1 diabetes therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Screening Modalities section says that screening previously focused mostly on people with a family history of type 1 diabetes and that approaches increasingly include the general population. The Screening for Early-Stage T1D section describes international momentum and screening in the general pediatric population. The paper does not specify that this expansion occurred within the past 10 years. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTwo early stages of type 1 diabetes are defined, and each is associated with distinct rates of progression to clinical diabetes.
“Two early stages of type 1 diabetes are defined, and each is associated with distinct rates of progression to clinical diabetes (figure 1).[9][10][11]”
From The future of type 1 diabetes therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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References 125 · Cited by 151
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [42]Schneider J, Gemulla G, Kiess W, Berner R, Hommel A. Presymptomatic type 1 diabetes and disease severity at onset. Diabetologia. 2023; 66(12): 2387– 8. 37750892 PMC10628005
- Authors
- Haller, M. J., Bell, K. J., Besser, R. E. J., Casteels, K., Couper, J. J., Craig, M. E., Elding Larsson, H., Jacobsen, L., Lange, K., Oron, T., Sims, E. K., Speake, C., Tosur, M., Ulivi, F., Ziegler, A.-G., Wherrett, D. K., & Marcovecchio, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- Women's and Children's Hospital (AU)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Schneider Children's Medical Center (IL)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Benaroya Research Institute (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Fondazione Italiana Diabete ETS (IT)
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Couper, Jenny J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hormone Research in Paediatrics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2024-12-11
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 529-545
- ISSN
- 1663-2818 (ISSN-L)
- 1663-2826
- PMC
- PMC11854978
- OpenAlex
- W4405286280
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 43
- FWCI
- 39.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Hormone Research in Paediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- Dexcom
- International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes
- Abbott Diabetes Care
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI042288)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, pediatric diabetes, adolescents, beta-cell preservation, disease staging, disease progression, teplizumab, immunotherapy, ISPAD guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Male, Consensus, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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