The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Primates: Cercopithecidae): conservation history and status of a flagship species of the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats, India
Open accessAbstract
The Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) is a threatened species inhabiting the rainforests of the Western Ghats mountain range in southern India. Once assessed to be less than a thousand individuals remaining in the wild habitats, the population is now estimated to be between 3000 and 3500 individuals. However, the rainforest habitats of the species are highly fragmented. During the past three decades or less, the population of this species has severely declined due to habitat degradation and illegal hunting in several areas of its occurrence. In situ conservation programs included notification of certain areas as Lion-tailed Macaque conservation regions. Several captive breeding programs have been initiated in order to have a viable captive population of the species. However, the analysis reveals that both in situ and ex situ conservation programs have not achieved the desired success and the species is even more endangered than it was a few decades ago. In this article, we discuss these conservation programs and suggest further measures for effective conservation of Lion-tailed Macaques.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In 2019, we investigated an EMCV outbreak at a zoological institution in central Florida, where the index case was the peracute death of a 40-year-old female African elephant, which was followed by the deaths of three mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), a North Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis), and a lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), the latter an endangered species [34].”
From Zoological transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in the United States: Virus evolution, host ecology, and capsid antigenicity derived from an outbreak (2026) · cites this paper as [34]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ecological Optimization and Adaptive Management
Walters, C. J., & Hilborn, R. (1978) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.001105 · Cited by 520
Assessment, C. E., & Molur, S. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 102
Self-citationThe Lion-tailed macaque: Status and conservation
Heltne, P. G. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 58
Singh, M., Singh, M., Singh, M., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.10037 · Cited by 57
Self-citationKumara, H. N., & Singh, M. (2004) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1023/b:ijop.0000043348.06255.7f · Cited by 54
Self-citationInter- and intra-specific associations of Non-human Primates in Anaimalai Hills, South India
SINGH, M., SINGH, M., Kumara, H. N., Kumar, M. A., & D’Souza, L. E. (1997) · Mammalia · doi:10.1515/mamm.1997.61.1.17 · Cited by 35
Self-citationBehavioural studies : A necessity for wildlife management
Singh, M., & Kaumanns, W. (2005) · MyPrints@UOM (Mysore University Library) · Cited by 20
Self-citationStatus and reproductive potential of lion-tailed macaques in captivity
Lindburg, D. G., Lyles, A. M., & Czekala, N. M. (1989) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.1430080503 · Cited by 20
Ecological status of the lion-tailed Macaque and its rainforest habitats in Karnataka, India
Karanth, K. U. (1985) · Cited by 17
Krishna, B. A., Singh, M., & Singh, M. (2006) · Folia Primatologica · doi:10.1159/000093703 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- Ali, R. (1985). An overview of the status and distribution of the Lion- tailed Macaque, pp.13-25. In: Heltne, P.G. (ed). The Lion-Tailed Macaque: Status and Conservation.
- Bhat, H.R. (1982). Additional information on the status of Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) in Karnataka. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Lion-Tailed Macaques, Baltimore, May 19-22.
- Gledhill, L. (1996). A masterplan for the Indian ex-situ population of Lion-tailed Macaques, Macaca silenus. OWM TAG (Old World Monkeys Taxon Advisory Group) 3(2):8-9.
- Green, S.M. & K. Minkowski (1977). The Lion-tailed Macaque and its southern Indian rainforest habitat, pp. 289-337. In: G.H. Bourne & H.S.H. Rainier (eds.). Primate Conservation. Academic Press, New York.
- Johnson, T.J.M. (1985). Lion-tailed Macaque behavior in the wild pp. 41-63. In: Heltne, P.G. (ed). The Lion-Tailed Macaque: Status and Conservation.
- Kaumanns, W. & B. Rohrhuber (1995). Captive propagation in lion- tailed macaques: The status of the European population and research implications, pp. 296-309. In: Ganslosser, U., J.K. Hodges & W. Kaumanns (eds.). Research and Captive Propagation. Filander Verlag, Furth.
- Kumar, A. (1987). The ecology and population dynamics of Lion- tailed Monkeys (Macaca silenus) in southern India. Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University. Zoo Zen, Zoo Outreach Organization, Coimbatore.
- Kumar, A., S. Molur & S. Walker (eds.) (1995). The Lion-tailed Macaque: Population andHabitat Viability Assessment Workshop. Zoo Outreach Organization, Coimbatore.
- Kumara, H.N. & V.R. Singh (in press). Estimation of lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus population in Kudremukh Forest Division, Karnataka. International Journal of Primatology.
- Kumara, H.N. & A. Sinha (in press). Decline of Lion-tailed Macaque populations in the Western Ghats, India: Identification of a viable population and its conservation in Karnataka state. Oryx.
- Kurup, G.U. (1978). Distribution, habitat and status survey of Lion- tailed Macaques, Macaca silenus. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 75: 321-340.
- Menon, S. & F.E. Poirier (1996). Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) in a disturbed forest fragment: Activity patterns and time budgets. International Journal of Primatolog y 17: 969-985.
- Puri, C.P. & N.K. Ganguly (eds.). (2005). National Center for Primate Breeding and Research: Vision, Challenges and Opportunities. National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai.
- Schwibbe, M., M. Singh, W. Kaumanns & C. Knogge (eds.) (2000). Primate Report 58.
- Schwibbe, M., M. Singh, W. Kaumanns & C. Knogge (eds.) (2001). Primate Report 59.
- Singh, M. & W. Kaumanns (2005). In situ and ex situ research and conservation perspective for the Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus): A model for planning conservations strategies for other endangered primates, pp. 127-139. In: Puri, C.P. & N.K. Ganguly (eds.). National Center for Primate Breeding and Research: Vision, Challenges and Opportunities. National Institute for Research In Reproductive Health, Mumbai.
- Sugiyama, Y. (1968). The ecology of the Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus): A pilot study. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 65: 283-292.
- Thierry, B., M. Singh & W. Kaumanns (2004). Why macaque societies?, pp. 3-10. In: Thierry, B., M. Singh & W. Kaumanns (eds.) Macaque Societies: A Model for the Study of Social Organization. Cambridge University, Cambridge.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adhikari, A., Feng, K. H., Shrestha, A., Rodriguez, C. E., Nolan, E. C., Pye, G. W., Gauger, P. C., Denagamage, T., Holmes, E. C., & Allison, A. B. (2026) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013861 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, M., Kaumanns, W., Singh, M., Sushma, H. S., & Molur, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Mysore (IN)
- Wildlife Institute of India (IN)
- Zoo Outreach Organisation (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Mewa
- Venue
- Journal of Threatened Taxa
- Published
- 2009-03-26
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 151-157
- ISSN
- 0974-7893 (ISSN-L)
- 0974-7907
- OpenAlex
- W2052059972
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Threatened Taxa (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- MyPrints@UOM (Mysore University Library) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education
- Keywords
- lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus, conservation status, threatened species, Western Ghats, tropical rainforest, habitat fragmentation, poaching, habitat degradation, in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, captive breeding, population decline (ecology), flagship species
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Primates: Cercopithecidae): conservation history and status of a flagship species of the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats, India. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.11609/jott.o2000.151-7
- The paper
- Singh, M., Kaumanns, W., Singh, M., Sushma, H. S., & Molur, S. (2009). The Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Primates: Cercopithecidae): conservation history and status of a flagship species of the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2000.151-7