Elephants - a conservation overview
Open accessAbstract
Loss of habitat is one of the most significant problems facing elephants worldwide, leading to clashes over resources between wildlife and humans where elephants receive the largest part of blame - defined as Human Elephant Conflict (HEC). The sub-Saharan region of Africa contains an approximate population of 500,000 elephants that occupy 37 range countries. The African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) is categorized as Vulnerable in the Red List of Threatened Species; they are listed there as two distinct subspecies: the Savanna Elephant (L. a. africana) and the Forest Elephant (L. a. cyclotis). The Red List of Threatened Species categorizes the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) as endangered, and today they are found in 13 range states. The Asian Elephant population is estimated to be 30,000 to 50,000 with approximately 60% of the population being present in India. Due to threats of poaching, the elephant ivory debate has been an important part of recent meetings of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) as Parties have debated proposals for one-time sales of legal government stockpiles of elephant tusks. To maintain elephant populations into the future, long-term and large-scale planning is necessary to ensure adequate space and protection for elephants and people living in elephant habitats.
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With increasing human development, fragmentation of elephant habitat, and expanding agriculture, elephants must increasingly look for alternative sources of food.
“With increasing human development, fragmentation of elephant habitat, and expanding agriculture, elephants must increasingly look for alternative sources of food”
From Do elephants really never forget? What we know about elephant memory and a call for further investigation (2025) · cites this paper as Riddle et al., 2010
The Asian Elephant Conservation section links human development and expanding agroforestry to elephant habitat loss and fragmentation. It does not say that these changes force elephants to seek alternative food sources; searches for food sources and crop raiding did not establish that part of the claim. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 73 · Cited by 59
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Chakraborty, T.R. (1996). Ecology and conservation of Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, in Bangladesh. Unpubl. MSc thesis, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh.
- Foley, C.A.H. (2002). The Effects of Poaching on Elephant Social System. PhD dissertation, Princeton University.
- Khoi, Le Vu. (1988). Some biological characteristics of elephant and elephant domestication in Vietnam. In: Proceedings of the IUCN/ SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group Meeting. January 1988. Chiangmai, Thailand.
- Leader-Williams, N. & H.T. Dublin (2000). Charismatic megafauna as 'Flagship Species', pp. 53-81. In: Entwistle, A. & N. Dunstone (eds.). Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity: Has the Panda had its Day? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Moss, C.J. (2001). The demography of an African Elephant (Loxodonta Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | January 2010 | 2(1): 653-661 africana) population in Amboseli, Kenya. Journal of Zoology 255: 145-156.
- Olivier, R. (1978b). On the Ecology of the Asian Elephant. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.
- Srikrachang, M. (1992). Asian Elephant conservation in Thailand. In: Santiapillai, C. (ed.). Proceedings of Asian Elephant Specialist Group Meeting, Bogor, Indonesia.
- Authors
- Riddle, H. S., Schulte, B. A., Desai, A. A., & Meer, L. V. D.
- Affiliations
- Western Kentucky University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Threatened Taxa
- Published
- 2010-01-26
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 653-661
- ISSN
- 0974-7893 (ISSN-L)
- 0974-7907
- OpenAlex
- W1966429680
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Threatened Taxa (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Keywords
- elephants, Loxodonta africana, Asian elephant, human-elephant conflict, habitat loss, poaching, ivory trade, CITES, IUCN Red List, savanna elephant, forest elephants, wildlife conservation, sub-Saharan Africa, India
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