Overweight and Hypertension: A Review

Abstract

The interrelationships between hypertension and obesity, two common and major health hazards, are reviewed. Comparisons of simultaneous intra-arterial and cuff blood pressure measurements indicate in general that the association between blood pressure and body weight is real and independent of arm circumference. Hypertension is more common among the obese than among the nonobese and, conversely, a significant proportion of hypertensive persons in the population are overweight. Obese hypertensive subjects experience a greater risk of coronary heart disease than the nonobese, and mortality rates for obese hypertensive persons are higher than for those with obesity alone or hypertension alone. Weight reduction has been shown to lower blood pressure, and it may bring about a more favorable prognosis in obese hypertensive persons. Possible mechanisms that may be responsible for the frequent association between obesity and hypertension have been discussed. Irrespective of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, the adverse metabolic and hemodynamic effects of obesity upon hypertension impose an extra burden and strain on the circulatory system and compromise its functional adequacy. Although it is not precisely known to what extent weight reduction alone may be effective in controlling or preventing the lesser degrees of hypertension, the control of obesity should be an intrinsic part of any therapeutic or preventive antihypertensive regimen.